Центральноазиатский журнал образования и инноваций

Ushbu maqola Transkaspiy hududi (Kaspiy dengizi g‘arbiy sohillari) bilan O‘rta Osiyo o‘rtasidagi geosiyosiy, madaniy va savdo aloqalari asosida tarixiy uzviylikni tahlil qiladi. Antik davrda bu ikki mintaqa o‘rtasida amalga oshgan harbiy yurishlar, savdo tarmoqlari, texnologik almashinuv va migratsiyalar natijasida geosiyosiy chegaralar shaffoflashgan. Maqolada Kaspiy bo‘yi orqali O‘rta Osiyoga kirib kelgan madaniyatlar va ularning ta’sir izlari, shuningdek, bu hududlarda shakllangan interfeys shaharlar va ularning transregional roli ochib beriladi..

Project-Based Learning (PBL) has emerged as an effective instructional strategy in English language teaching, fostering student-centered learning, collaboration, and real-world application of language skills. This study explores the implementation of PBL in English classrooms, its impact on learners’ linguistic competence, critical thinking, and engagement. The findings suggest that PBL promotes deeper learning, enhances communication skills, and supports the development of 21st-century competencies such as creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration.

XVI asrda tashkil etilgan Buxoro xonligi (xonlik sifatida 1533-yil) o‘zbek davlatchiligida muhim o‘rin egallaydi. Davlatni dastlab Shayboniylar sulolasi (1501-1601), so‘ng Ashtarxoniylar (1601 – 1756) sulolasiga mansub hukmdorlar boshqarishdi. Ular ichida Shayboniyxon (1501 – 1510) va Abdullaxon II (1556 – 1598) kabi shayboniy hukmdorlar, Ashtarxoniylardan esa Imomqulixon (1611 – 1642) hukmronligi davrida xonlik yirik markazlashgan davlatga aylanadi. Ashtarxoniylardan Imomqulixonning olib borgan siyosati natijasida davlat hududi kengayib, markaziy hokimiyat kuchaydi va madaniy taraqqiyotga erishildi. Quyidagi maqola orqali shu haqida to‘xtalib, ilmiy faktlar bilan mavzu yoritib beriladi.

The role of the spiritual and literary heritage created by great figures in the thousand-year history of the Turkic peoples is incomparable. One of the important issues is the study of surviving copies of literary sources created by ancestors of the past, the identification of differences between manuscripts and texts, and the publication of newly discovered information. In the 21st century, with the development of science and technology, there is a need to form noble qualities in the minds of the growing younger generation, to educate them as worthy successors to their ancestors. The harmony of education and upbringing leads to the formation of a harmonious generation.

Ushbu maqolada Qibla Orolbo‘yi va Amudaryoning o‘ng sohili hududidagi qadimgi shaharlar qurilish madaniyati tabiiy-iqlimiy, siyosiy va demografik omillar nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Qal’a va shahristonlarning joylashuvi, ularning savdo yo‘llari, resurs manbalariga yaqinligi, va hukmron siyosiy kuchlarning me’moriy yondashuvlari tarixiy-arxeologik dalillar asosida yoritiladi. Bu tadqiqot, shaharlar taraqqiyotining voha landshafti, chegara nazorati va harbiy arxitektura bilan bog‘liq jihatlarini ochib beradi