VERTICAL GREEN SYSTEMS: DESIGN PRINCIPLES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Ключевые слова:
Vertical Green Systems (VGS); Sustainable Architecture; Urban Ecology; Climate Adaptation; Bosco Verticale; Green Architecture; Urban Heat Island (UHI); Biodiversity; Socio-Economic Impact; Living Walls; Green Facades.Аннотация
Vertical Green Systems (VGS) - including green facades, living walls, and vertical forests - represent an emerging architectural approach that integrates vegetation into building envelopes to mitigate urban heat, air pollution, stormwater stress, and biodiversity decline. This paper provides an evidence-based qualitative analysis of VGS design principles, environmental performance, and socio-economic implications. Two flagship projects by Stefano Boeri Architetti are examined as primary case studies: Bosco Verticale (Milan, 2014) as a luxury prototype and Trudo Vertical Forest (Eindhoven, 2021) as a social-housing-oriented adaptation. The study synthesizes published technical documentation and peer-reviewed literature to compare typology, structural requirements, horticultural strategies, irrigation and maintenance models, and expected environmental benefits (microclimate regulation, habitat creation, and pollutant reduction).
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Image Credits
Figure 1–2: Stefano Boeri Architetti official project imagery (Bosco Verticale project page).
Figure 3: “Trudo Toren Eindhoven” by Choinowski, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Figure 4: “The Flying Gardeners” image (Artribune/Domus-related credit: Laura Cionci). Verify reuse rights for publication.
