BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN PROCESSES IN LISTENING

Аннотация

In  the  modern  methodology  of  English  language  teaching,  top-down  and  bottom-up approaches can  frequently  be  heard  among  language  teachers  and  researchers. Top-down and Bottom-up approaches:  what  is  the difference?  This  article  presents   the results of investigation on the two approaches of listening. Furthermore, activities that entail top-down and bottom-up approaches are suggested. Top-down processing refers to the use of background knowledge to understand the information the listener receives. Bottom-up approaches happens when the listener analyzes the sounds, words, and/or grammar of the oral speech they listen to. To improve the listening  quality of the learners, the teacher and researcher needs to have an idea what these two strategies mean and in what situations to use each one.