MIGRATSIYA JARAYONLARINI O‘RGANISH NAZARIYASI VA METODOLOGIYASI
Keywords:
xalqaro migratsiya, ichki migratsiya, majburiy migratsiya, ixtiyoriy migratsiya, push-pull nazariyasi, mehnat bozori, demografik o‘zgarishlar, migratsion siyosat, global muammolar, ijtimoiy adolat, transmilliy tarmoqlar, ilmiy modellashtirish, migratsion xavf, transchegaraviy harakatlar, GIS-tahlil.Abstract
Maqolada migratsiya jarayonlarini o‘rganishga doir turli nazariy va metodologik yondashuvlar tizimli tahlil qilinadi. Bugungi globallashgan va raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida migratsiya faqat aholi harakati emas, balki u mamlakatlarning mehnat bozori, iqtisodiy rivojlanishi, demografik tarkibi va ijtimoiy muvozanatiga ham sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu tadqiqotda migratsiyaning asosiy sabablariga: iqtisodiy farqlar, ijtimoiy beqarorlik, ekologik xavflar va siyosiy ziddiyatlar misolida yondashiladi. Klassik nazariyalar (A. Smit, R. Равенштейн), Kейнсiy yondashuvlar, push-pull modeli, tarmoqlar va transmilliy yondashuvlar asosida migratsiya sabablari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, zamonaviy ilmiy-tadqiqot metodologiyalari: empirik kuzatuv, statistik modellashtirish, GIS-texnologiyalar asosida tahlil qilish, migratsion profiling tuzish kabilar muhokama qilinadi. Migratsiya oqibatlarini — mehnat resurslarining oqimi, “miyaning oqishi”, oilaviy struktura buzilishi, ijtimoiy inqirozlar — ilmiy asosda baholash zarurligi asoslanadi.
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