PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TINNITUS: A COMPLEX AND CHALLENGING CONDITION
Keywords:
Tinnitus, Pathophysiology, Treatment.Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of sound near the head in the absence of any external auditory source. It is estimated to affect 15–20% of the global population, with 1–3% experiencing severe cases that significantly impair quality of life. Severe tinnitus is often linked to depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Various risk factors, such as prolonged noise exposure, head and neck trauma, and infections, have been identified. The most recent pathophysiological theory suggests that the central nervous system acts as the primary "generator" of tinnitus. Despite this, treatment approaches focus on reducing the awareness of tinnitus and its impact on daily life rather than achieving a definitive cure. Currently, no drug has proven effective in providing long-term relief beyond placebo effects. However, the market for such treatments is valued at approximately $1.1 billion, with potential for growth as the global population ages. This review explores the latest developments in the understanding and management of tinnitus, which continues to be a chronic and debilitating condition.
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