Central Asian Journal of Academic Research

Ilmiy maqolada asosan, Sharq olimlari ta’sirining ijtimoiy tafakkur shakllanishidagi o’rniga urg’u bergan holda “gender tenglik” atamasining yuzaga kelishidan oldin uning mazmun mohiyati mavjud bo’lgani haqida g’oyaviy ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Amalga oshirilgan sotsiologik-retrospektiv tahlillar orqali ilgari surilgan fikrlar asoslab berilgan.  

maqola ingliz tilidagi so’z birikmalari va ularning turlari tahlil qilingan. So’z birikmalarining kommunikativ ahamiyati va ularning tilshunoslikdagi o’rni yoritilgan. Shuningdek ingliz tilidagi so’z birikmalari hamda idiomalarning kontekstdagi pragmatik ma’nolari misollar bilan ochib berilgan.

Статья посвящена обоснованию целесообразности применения в качестве субститутов муки пшеничной сортовой, используемой при выведении хлебных заквасок спонтанного (естественного) брожения, нетрадиционного сырья с целью интенсификации развития в них кислотообразующей и дрожжевой микрофлоры. В качестве нетрадиционного сырья  обоснована целесообразность использования пророщенного зерна пшеницы, полуобезжиренной муки из соевого жмыха и порошка из виноградных выжимок. Проанализирован химический состав исследуемых добавок, а также их влияние на свойства заквасок и качество хлеба. Приведены результаты исследования, произведён их анализ.

Mazkur maqolada o’simlik dunyosi tushunchasi, o’simlik dunyosi haqida huquqshunos olimlar ta’rifi, dunyoda va O’zbekiston Respublikasida mavjud o’simliklar turlari bo’yicha statistikasi, o’simlik dunyosi obyektlari, o’simlik dunyosini muhofaza etishda ayrim rivojlangan davlatlar tajribasi, O’zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligida belgilangan o’simlik dunyosi obyektlari turlari va ularni muhofaza etish asoslari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirib o’tilgan..

This article describes the results of a study on the adaptation, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the mobile application "MyTherapy" in the practice of treating diabetes mellitus in order to control the treatment and compliance of patients. Based on the more pronounced positive dynamics of the therapy itself, improvement in the quality of life indicator and the indicator of adherence to treatment, it is shown that the use of this mobile application can be a highly effective method of monitoring diabetes mellitus therapy if used correctly.

Ушбу мақолада суд ҳокимияти мустақиллигининг институционал жиҳатларига оид халқаро стандартлар ҳамда суд ҳокимияти мустақиллигига оид халқаро ва минтақавий ҳужжатлар комплекс тарзда таҳлил қилинган.

Gipertenziya bilan bog‘liq nefropatiya — global miqyosda jiddiy tibbiy muammo bo‘lib, uning paydo bo‘lishi butun dunyo bo‘ylab gidertenziya kasalligi tarqalganligi va uning buyuraklarga ta’sir qilishida juda katta ahamiyatga ega. Gipertenziyaning patofiziologik jarayonlari orasida glomerulalarda bosimning ortishi, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron tizimining faollashuvi, vaskulyar remodeling va renal fibroz jarayonlari muhim o‘rin tutadi.

По данным экспертов ВОЗ, риск ВЗОМТ среди женщин в возрасте 15-19 лет составляет от 1 до 8%. В 20-30% случаев ВЗОМТ являются причиной госпитализации в гинекологические стационары [2]. Проблема воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза у женщин на протяжении последних десятилетий продолжает оставаться одной из самых важных в медицине. ВЗОМТ - клинический синдром, определяемый в настоящее время как спектр инфекций верхних отделов репродуктивного тракта, проявляющихся как изолированное заболевание, любой комбинации эндометрита, сальпингита, пиосальпинкса, тубоовариального абсцесса и тазового перитонита [1].

This article examines various teaching methods used in modern educational systems. The pros and cons of each method are described, and their effectiveness in the context of learning is analyzed. Based on this, a study of the effectiveness of teaching methods in the context of modern education can provide important recommendations for teachers on the use of the most effective teaching methods, which can lead to improved quality of learning and, consequently, increased popularity.

Ushbu maqolada o‘quvchi yoshlarni axborot vositalaridan to‘g‘ri foydalanish madaniyatini shakllantirishga doir muhim ma’lumotlar berilgan. Axborot vositalari, jumladan televidenie, radio, gazeta va internetning o‘quvchi yoshlar ongiga ta’siri, ularning mazmuni, turli g‘oyalar va qarashlar, yoshlar ongida milliy mentalitetga to‘g‘ri kelmaydigan yot g‘oyalarni paydo qilishga sabab bo‘lmoqda, shu sababdan, axborot vositalaridan to‘g‘ri foydalanish madaniyatini shakllantirish zamon talabidir.

The widespread use and institutionalization of e-learning have necessitated the development of competencies in all participants in the educational process related to the use and development of electronic educational resources, including massive open online courses. The platform for implementing modern e-learning has determined and massive open online courses are cross-browser web resources, and this makes it relevant to develop a methodology for teaching resource development on and for a web platform. This article is devoted to the creation of an electronic environment for teaching students web programming.

ушбу мақолада демократик жамият ривожида ихтисослашган нашрларнинг ўрни, ихтисослашган журналистиканинг замонавий тенденциялари ҳақида сўз боради.

Intellektual mulk (IM) zamonaviy iqtisodiyotda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu konsepsiya patentlar, mualliflik huquqlari, savdo belgilari, texnologiyalar, dizaynlar va boshqa ko‘plab aktivlarni o‘z ichiga oladi, ular huquq egalariga o‘zlarining ijodiy va innovatsion mahsulotlaridan foydalanishda monopol huquq beradi. Intellektual mulkni baholash va tijoratlashtirish ushbu aktivlarning qiymatini aniqlash, ularning haqiqiy qiymatini yaxshiroq tushunish imkonini beruvchi, shuningdek, moliyaviy rejalashtirish, risklarni boshqarish va strategik qarorlar qabul qilishda ushbu ma’lumotlardan foydalanish imkonini beradigan muhim jarayondir.

Currently, cardiovascular diseases play a decisive role in the evolution of overall mortality worldwide. Coronary heart disease accounts for 26.6% of all cardiovascular diseases. Among the various forms of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris occupies a leading place. The increased risk caused by these psychosomatic factors is similar to more common risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as smoking, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The identified psychosomatic risk factors should be taken into account when assessing and managing the risks of individual coronary heart disease and have implications for public health policy and research

Mazkur tadqiqot ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi zooterminlar asosida yaratilgan o‘xshatishlarni o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Zootermin komponentli o‘xshatishlar hayvonlar bilan bog‘liq obrazlarni ifodalashda muhim vosita bo‘lib, madaniy xususiyatlarni aks ettiradi. Tadqiqotda har ikki til uchun zootermin o‘xshatishlarining leksik-semantik tahlili o‘tkazilib, ularning umumiylik va o‘ziga xoslik jihatlari aniqlangan. Ingliz tilidagi "as sly as a fox" yoki o‘zbek tilidagi "bo‘ri kabi och" kabi iboralar tahlil qilinib, ularning madaniy va semantik asoslari ochib beriladi. Natijalar zootermin komponentli o‘xshatishlarning tillararo tarjimada, madaniyatlararo kommunikatsiyada va lingvistik tadqiqotlarda ahamiyatini yoritadi.

This article highlights the importance of organizing audits in ensuring the financial stability of enterprises. In this regard, based on the tasks specified in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Development Strategy for the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the years 2022-2026” and the current relevance of preparing financial reports based on international standards were discussed, as well as recommendations aimed at ensuring the financial stability of enterprises were given.

In the article, the liberalization of the foreign exchange policy in increasing the export competence of economic entities in Uzbekistan, identifying the factors affecting the improvement of export support and developing recommendations aimed at supporting the country’s export competence were considered.

Iqtisоdiyоtning bаrqаrоr о'sishidа аyоllаr tаdbirkоrligi, innovаtsiоn tаdbirkоrlikning  imkоniyаtlаrini kengаytirаdi vа аyоllаrning iqtisоdiy fаоlligini оshirishgа imkоn yаrаtаdi. Yаngi О'zbekistоn shаrоitidа аyоllаr tаdbirkоrligini qо'llаb-quvvаtlаsh milliy iqtisоdiyоtning bаrqаrоr rivоjlаnishigа kаttа hissа qо'shаdi. Ushbu mаqоlа аyоllаr tаdbirkоrligini vа innovаtsiоn tаdbirkоrlikni rivоjlаntirishning аsоsiy tаmоyillаri vа yо'nаlishlаrini tаhlil qilаdi, ulаrning yuzаgа kelаyоtgаn muаmmоlаri vа imkоniyаtlаrini о'rgаnаdi hаmdа siyоsiy tаvsiyаlаr berаdi.

Maqolada karyer borti turg‘unligiga tektonik omillarning ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Bort turg‘unligining geomexanik holatini baholashda litosfera qobig‘ida sodir bo‘ladigan tektonik jarayonlar turlari o‘rganilgan. Karyer borti massivida deformatsiya sodir bo‘lishiga tektonik jarayonlarning ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri keltirilgan. Bundan tashqari tektonik omillar hosilasi hisoblangan darzliklar orqali massivga ta’sir etuvchi yer osti va usti suvlarining bortning geomexanik holatiga ta’siri keltirib o‘tilgan.

The article deals with the stylistic device of antithesis and its usage and comparative analysis in English and Uzbek Phraseology. Antithesis is a rhetorical device that involves putting two contrasting ideas together to highlight their differences. This contrast can create emphasis, drama, or clarity and is often used to make a point more striking or memorable. The article provides pragmatic aspect by means of the extracts taken by English and Uzbek phraseological units.   In language, antithesis pairs opposites or near-opposites in parallel structures, making the contrast clearer and more impactful.

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of AI-based language learning applications in enhancing pronunciation skills in primary-level English learners. As accurate pronunciation is crucial for clear communication, early language learning programs increasingly incorporate AI-driven apps to provide students with personalized, immediate feedback on their pronunciation. This paper analyzes how these applications support young learners, the benefits they offer over traditional methods, and the challenges encountered. Findings suggest that AI-based apps significantly improve pronunciation through interactive, user-friendly exercises, fostering learner confidence and fluency.

Endokrin kasalliklar, organizmning gormon ishlab chiqaruvchi bezlarining normal faoliyatini buzilishi natijasida yuzaga keladigan patologiyalar to'plamidir. Ushbu kasalliklar ko'plab tizimlar va organlarga ta'sir qilishi mumkin, bu esa ularning kechishi va asoratlarining murakkabligini oshiradi. So'nggi yillarda ilmiy tadqiqotlar mitoxondriya disfunktsiyasining endokrin kasalliklar bilan bog'liqligini ko'rsatmoqda. Mitoxondriya, hujayralarning energiya ishlab chiqarish markazi bo'lib, ularning normal ishlashi organizmning umumiy salomatligi uchun juda muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada endokrin kasalliklar kechishida va asoratlarida mitoxondriya disfunktsiyasining ahamiyati ko'rib chiqiladi.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме современной стоматологии: трофическим язвам слизистой оболочки полости рта у постковидных пациентов. По данным различных авторов у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19,  в полости рта встречаются многочисленные осложнения в виде геморрагических проявлений, ангулярного хейлита, кандидоза, пигментации, а также трофических язв (Хабадзе З.С., соавт., 2020). Задача стоматолога – своевременно диагностировать стоматологические проявления у пациентов, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию, и выбрать наиболее адаптированный алгоритм их лечения в зависимости от клинических проявлений в полости рта.

Og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i leykoplakiyasi – og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatida hosil bo‘ladigan oq dog‘ yoki blyashka bo‘lib, u og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i shilliq qavatining asosiy potensial saraton oldi kasalliklaridan biri hisoblanadi. Agar leykoplakiyani davolash choralari ko‘rilmasa, ayniqsa yuqori xavfli omillar mavjud bo‘lganda, u og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i saratoniga aylanib ketishi mumkin. Ushbu maqola og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i leykoplakiyasini to‘liq o‘rganishni maqsad qilib, uning asosiy sabablarini, xavf omillarini, klinik ko‘rinishlarini, gistopatologik xususiyatlarini, diagnostika usullarini, davolash yo‘llarini va saraton oldi transformatsiya xavfini kamaytirish uchun profilaktik choralarni muhokama qiladi.

The tourism industry has emerged as a vital sector within the modern global economy, contributing significantly to economic growth, employment, and cultural exchange. This abstract examines the multifaceted role tourism plays in supporting economic development and enhancing the GDP of both developing and developed nations. The industry's influence extends beyond direct economic impacts, fostering infrastructural improvements, promoting global interconnectedness, and encouraging the preservation of cultural heritage. However, it also faces challenges such as environmental sustainability, economic fluctuations, and global crises, including pandemics, which have tested its adaptability and resilience. As the world moves forward, integrating sustainable practices is essential for ensuring that tourism continues to serve as a driver of prosperity without compromising future resources. The analysis underscores that the tourism industry is not just a significant economic engine but also a platform for fostering international understanding and cooperation, positioning it as an indispensable part of the modern world economy.

Hospitality has become an important part of tourism industry that helps to grow the economy of countries. It is a complex sector and it includes different services such as providing guests with accommodation, food and beverages and wonderful experiences. The aim of the study is to explore the role of innovative instruments, hospitality customs and traditional culture on create extraordinary guests’ experience. For collecting data, a mixed-method design was used, for qualitative method we analyzed more than 20 articles, journals and previous studies related to this topic for making a better understanding. The papers were taken from different internet sources, and Web of Science, Research Gate, Google Scholar and etc. For quantitative questions multiple choice questions with open-ended questions used for understanding visitor’s suggestions, issues and their memorable experiences. In this survey both local and international travelers, hospitality staff, and students from foreign countries have participated. According to the results of survey, we can see that, almost 62% of travelers who experienced the hospitality services are satisfied with the facilities provided by hospitality staff. 55.4% of visitors are likely to suggest Uzbekistan as a travel destination that focuses on traditional culture and hospitality.

The last few years have witnessed substantial growth in the number global hotel chains developing rapidly in multiple locations. As well as gaining worldwide presence, reputation, loyal clients and considerable profit, these hotel groups are pursuing success in extreme competitive environment, risky market dynamics and fluctuations by having access to different markets. This master’s thesis aims at studying expansion of international hotel chains in Central Asia region focusing on analyzing some of the factors mainly driving or hindering expansion of brand hotels in this area. Furthermore, this research will investigate specific development strategies and initiatives of international chains in Central Asia. Applying mixed method research design, an online survey is conducted to gain in-depth primary data on mentioned research objectives.

Статья посвящена обзору методов обучения русскому языку как иностранному изначально использовавшихся и дошедших до наших дней, не теряя своей практической значимости. Все описания методов даны в хронологическом порядке и с кратким описанием. Кроме этого, в статье содержатся рекомендации по повышению эффективности и сведения о психологических основах восприятия инофонами языковой информации.

Uzbekistan, located at the crossroads of the ancient Silk Road, has become an increasingly popular destination, drawing millions of tourists to its historical cities, cultural landmarks, and diverse landscapes. However, the rapid growth in tourism over the past decade has raised concerns regarding environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and the long-term viability of Uzbekistan’s tourism industry. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of sustainability within Uzbekistan’s tourism sector, examining the current state of sustainable tourism practices, challenges, and potential development pathways.

Мадрасаларнинг асосий даромади вақф мулкларидан бўлганлиги учун яхши ҳосил олинмаган йиллари қийналган талабалар ва мударрислар муаммосини ҳал қилиш мақсадида мадрасаларни давлат ҳисобига киритган ва уларга давлат бюджетидан маблағ ажратилган. Марказларда нафақат бойлар, балки камбағалларнинг болалари ҳам ўқиш ҳуқуқига эга бўлган ва нафақа, кийим- бош билан таъминланган.

Ushbu maqolada frazeologiya sohasidagi tadqiqotlardan umumiy xulosalar berilgan. O’zbek tilining frazeologik lug’ati tarkibiga kiritilgan frazemalar (k harfi misolida) tahlil qilingan. K harfi bilan boshlanuvchi iboralarning o’ziga xos shakl va ma’no munosabatlari, semantik- stilistik xususiyatlari va K harfi bilan boshlanuvchi iboralarda somatik leksemalarning ifodalanishi o’rganilgan.

Xitoy Xalq Respublikasining savdo siyosati uning ichki iqtisodiyoti va global iqtisodiy tendensiyalarini shakllantirishda hal qiluvchi rol o’ynaydi. Dunyoning ikkinchi yirik iqtisodiyoti sifatida Xitoy o’zining noyob iqtisodiy maqsadlari, siyosiy mulohazalari va xalqaro maydondagi o’zgaruvchan rolini aks ettiruvchi savdo siyosatini ishlab chiqdi. Ushbu maqola Xitoyning savdo siyosatining asosiy jihatlarini, jumladan import-eksportni tartibga solish strategiyalarini, savdo sherikliklarini, texnologiya va intellektual mulkka yondashuvini o’rganadi. Xitoyning “Bir kamar, bir yo’l” tashabbusi, tarif siyosati va iqtisodiy diplomatiyani o’rganib chiqib, ushbu maqola ushbu strategiyalar global savdo dinamikasiga qanday taʼsir qilishi, Xitoyning o’sishiga taʼsir qilishi va uni jahon iqtisodiyotida yetakchi kuch sifatida joylashtirishi haqida tushuncha beradi.

This article examines the low start technique in short-distance running through comprehensive literature analysis. The study focuses on biomechanical aspects, historical development, and technical components of the low start position. The research synthesizes existing knowledge from various international sources to provide insights into optimal starting techniques for sprinters.

Dividing different methods of struggle according to their common characteristics (classifications) allows professionals to develop theoretical and practical knowledge about the science and at the same time helps to identify gaps in this knowledge. In wrestling, the athlete's technical movements are different and different from other sports due to their diversity.  This article deals with the issues of classification, system and basic terminology of kurash struggle methods. Provides valuable recommendations on learning techniques and the use of kurash terminology.

Ushbu maqolada xalqaro hamkorlik natijasida yurtimizda zamonaviy axborot-kutubxona muassasalarining rivojlanishi hamda foydalanuvchilarga sifatli xizmat ko‘rsatishni yo‘lga qo‘yish maqsadida xodimlarning xalqaro tajribalar asosida masofaviy o‘qitish masalalari yoritilgan.

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме современной стоматологии: клиническому течению и диагностике трофических язв слизистой оболочки полости рта у постковидных больных. По данным разных авторов, у больных, перенесших COVID-19 трофические язвы имеют высокую резистентность к традиционной терапии, направленной на их заживление. Практически у каждого второго пациента (48%), обратившегося за стоматологической помощью, отмечалось появление язв на щеках. Стоматолога должен своевременно диагностировать стоматологические проявления у пациентов, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию, и выбрать наиболее адаптированный алгоритм их лечения.

The issues of criminal legal assessment of the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime are revealed, the content of actions that constitute the objective side of this crime and foreign experience are analyzed.

Ushbu maqola hozirgi vaqittagi inson organizimidagi bugunlarni yaqshi rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati katta.Qoraqalpogiston sharoyitida iqlimlashtirilgan bugdoy navlarining oqsilga boyitish,inson organizimiga  kerakli bulgan aminokislotalar bilan boyitish hozirgi kunning dolzarb muommasi bulib hisoblanadi.

Ushbu tadqiqоtning maqsadi ingliz adabiyoti yorqin namoyondasi Edvard Yung she’riyatining nafaqat til va uslub jihatdan balki, psixolingvistik jihatdan tahlil qilishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada shoirning yozish uslubi va uning diniy va axloqiy masalalariga oid bir qator asarlarini tadqiq qilinadi.

Ushbu  maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining tasavvur qilish, yangicha yechimlarni topish va ijodiy ishlash ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish usullari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Bu ko‘nikmalar bolalarda o‘ziga xos fikrlashni shakllantirib, ularning ijodiy va mustaqil fikrlash salohiyatini kengaytiradi. Tasavvur qilishni rivojlantirish uchun hikoyalar yaratish, chizmachilik va yarim tugallangan vazifalarni davom ettirish kabi usullar tavsiya etiladi. Yangicha yechimlarni topish o‘quvchilarning analitik va ijodiy fikrlashini kengaytiradi, bunda "Aqliy hujum" va "Nima bo‘lsa, agar..." kabi metodlar samarador hisoblanadi. Ijodiy ishlash esa o‘quvchilarning o‘z g‘oyalarini erkin ifoda etishiga yordam beruvchi faoliyatlar, masalan, san’at va qo‘l mehnati darslari orqali amalga oshiriladi. Ushbu usullar o‘quvchilarning umumiy ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirib, kelajakda ularga o‘z salohiyatlarini kengroq ochishga imkon beradi.