PECULIARITIES OF ANTI-CORRUPTION CRIMES AND PUNISHMENT POLICY IN EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
Keywords:
European legislation, corruption, bribery, active bribery, passive bribery, criminal code, punishment policy, conflict of interest, abuse of authority, corporate liability, asset confiscation, Transparency International, CPI index, OECD Convention, GRECO, international cooperation, transparency, public oversight, rule of law, inevitability of punishment.Abstract
This article analyzes the peculiarities of regulating corruption-related crimes and punishment policy within European legislation. Based on Transparency International’s 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), the study provides a comparative overview of Denmark, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, Iceland, and Estonia. The paper examines the legal definitions of corruption, active and passive bribery, conflict of interest, and abuse of official authority. Different punitive measures are discussed, including imprisonment, fines, confiscation of assets, disqualification from office, and corporate criminal liability. The research highlights four key elements of successful anti-corruption policies: a comprehensive legal framework, inevitability of punishment, transparency and public oversight, as well as international cooperation. The conclusion emphasizes that European experience may serve as a valuable reference point for Uzbekistan in improving its anti-corruption legal reforms.
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