BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN
Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary pathology, children, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, respiratory system, immune defense, allergy, prevention.Abstract
ronchopulmonary pathology in children is a broad group of respiratory diseases, including congenital and acquired lesions of the bronchi and lungs, which are among the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Children are characterized by anatomical and physiological immaturity of the respiratory tract, an underdeveloped immune system, and high susceptibility to infectious agents, which predetermines their increased vulnerability to respiratory diseases. The most common forms of bronchopulmonary pathology in childhood include acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system. In recent decades, there has been an increase in chronic respiratory diseases, which is associated with exposure to unfavorable environmental factors, urbanization, changes in the microbiota, and an increase in the number of children with allergic diseases. Studying the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of bronchopulmonary diseases in children is a key area of modern pediatrics and pulmonology, as early diagnosis and timely treatment significantly improve prognosis, prevent complications, and enhance the child's quality of life.
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