Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук

This comprehensive article explores the classification of muscles, offering a detailed examination of the major types based on structure, function, and arrangement. It delves into skeletal muscles, responsible for voluntary movements; smooth muscles, governing involuntary actions; and cardiac muscles, essential for maintaining heart function. The structural classification covers parallel, pennate, and convergent muscles, elucidating their unique features and applications. Additionally, the functional classification categorizes muscles as prime movers, antagonists, synergists, and fixators, providing insights into their roles during movement. The article emphasizes the clinical significance of understanding muscle classification in fields like physical therapy and sports science. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive guide for readers seeking a nuanced understanding of the diverse world of muscles.

This essay explores the intricate relationship between lifestyle choices and the maintenance of urinary health. It emphasizes the impact of hydration, dietary habits, and various lifestyle factors on the functionality of the urinary system. The essay also highlights healthy practices, including regular physical activity, avoiding smoking, and the importance of seeking professional guidance for preventive healthcare. By addressing the lifestyle aspects influencing urinary health, the essay aims to provide insights into practical strategies for maintaining optimal functioning and preventing potential complications.

This article explores the intricate anatomy, functions, and significance of the muscles in the lower extremities, encompassing the thighs, legs, and feet. It delves into the roles of major muscle groups such as the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles, highlighting their contributions to locomotion, postural stability, and daily activities. The significance of lower extremity muscles in occupational movements, challenges such as musculoskeletal disorders, and their role in athletic performance is thoroughly examined. The article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the lower extremity musculature and its vital role in human movement.

This article delves into the intricate network of muscles comprising the upper limbs, exploring their anatomy, functions, and significance in facilitating a wide range of movements. From the powerful deltoid and rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder to the precision of hand muscles, the article elucidates the roles of these muscles in daily activities. Additionally, it discusses the integration of these muscles for functional tasks, their importance in rehabilitation and strength training, and the broader implications for understanding human biomechanics.

Pathologies of the uterine tube (UT) contribute to 25-35% of female factor infertility. Despite being studied centuries ago, these organs have been largely overlooked and neglected, primarily due to the advancements in reproductive medicine. However, challenges persist in achieving optimal fertility outcomes with in vitro fertilization (IVF). A more nuanced understanding of UT morphology and function during normal reproduction can potentially address many obstacles in reproductive medicine.

This professional article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of human anatomy, unraveling the intricacies of the body's structure and organization. From the macroscopic view of organs and systems to the microscopic realm of cells and tissues, the article navigates through the complexities of the human form. Emphasizing the integration of anatomy with clinical applications, it sheds light on the significance of understanding human anatomy in medical practice, research, and education.

This professional article provides a comprehensive exploration of skeletal anatomy, elucidating the intricacies of the human skeletal system. From the axial skeleton, comprising the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, to the appendicular skeleton, including the limbs and girdles, the article delves into the structure, functions, and significance of each component. Emphasizing the dynamic nature of bones, their role in support, protection, and hematopoiesis is discussed. With a focus on clinical relevance, the article also addresses common skeletal disorders and advancements in imaging techniques. This article aims to serve as a valuable resource for professionals in healthcare, anatomy education, and related fields, offering insights into the complexity and significance of skeletal anatomy in the human body.

This professional article offers an in-depth exploration of the cardiovascular system, a vital network that sustains life by circulating blood throughout the body. From the anatomy of the heart and blood vessels to the intricacies of blood composition, the article delves into the system's dynamic functions. Emphasizing the interplay of structure and function, it addresses clinical applications, common disorders, and contemporary advancements in cardiovascular research.

This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the nervous system, the body's intricate communication network. From its anatomical components to its main functions, the article navigates through the central and peripheral nervous systems, emphasizing their roles in sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive processes. Key neuroscientific concepts, disorders, and contemporary research are also discussed, making it a valuable resource for medical professionals, researchers, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the nervous system.

Избыточная масса тела как у мужчин, так и у женщин отрицательно влияет на каждую систему органов, но больше всего страдает сердечно-сосудистая система. Это связано с атеросклерозом и гиперлипидемией. А также усиление липолиза с образованием зубного налета и эмболий (также может быть септическим). Проблемы усугубляются другими сопутствующими заболеваниями, такими как гипертония, диабет, кальциноз сосудов. ИБС, несомненно, приведет к острому коронарному синдрому.

This professional article offers a comprehensive exploration of the digestive system, a complex and finely tuned mechanism responsible for breaking down ingested food into essential nutrients. From the mouth to the intestines, the article delves into the anatomical structures and physiological processes involved in digestion. Key concepts such as enzymatic actions, absorption, and the role of gut microbiota are discussed, providing valuable insights for medical practitioners, researchers, and individuals seeking a deeper understanding of digestive health.

In modern clinical practice, various preparations are used from plants containing cardiac glycosides (Car GLY). The relevance of the use of (Car GLY) is explained by their selective effect on the heart, ensuring the most economical, effective activity and increasing the efficiency of the heart muscle. In this regard, (Car GLY) is a heart with different etiology in adults and children it is used to treat patients with deficiency. In developed countries, heart failure occurs in 1-2% of the adult population and more than 10% of those over 70[3].

This article investigates the pervasive issue of insufficient awareness regarding heart disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The exploration encompasses the consequences of limited awareness, the factors contributing to this gap, and potential strategies to enhance public understanding. Key themes include the importance of cardiovascular health education, the role of lifestyle choices in heart disease prevention, and the need for targeted awareness campaigns. Aimed at healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public, this article seeks to catalyze efforts in addressing the critical knowledge deficit surrounding heart disease.

Caries is one of the most common diseases throughout the world. Without exaggeration, this pathology can be called “dental enemy of humanity number 1.” This disease affects 93% of the world's population. It was found even in people who lived 5-6 thousand years ago, and today caries in adults is the cause of tooth loss in almost 90% of cases. Moreover, it leads not only to the formation of the well-known “holes”. Subsequently, when the pathological process begins to spread to the surrounding areas, this causes the appearance of periodontitis, and then complete destruction of the tooth, which requires the irreversible removal of its remains and root.

В экспериментах, проводимых на крысах, которые широко использовались неоднократно, показали, что патологические изменения в коре головного мозга и,  непосредственно в головном мозге , морфологические особенности схожи с изменениями, происходящими в этих участках у человека. Однако,  при ишемических расстройствах центральных механизмов регуляции в работе печени , многообразны и  морфологически не сильно  выражены.

This article delves into the fascinating world of sensory organs, exploring their crucial role in perceiving the external environment. From the eyes that capture light to the ears that detect sound, the skin that senses touch, and the taste buds and olfactory receptors that define flavor and smell, each sensory organ contributes to our rich human experience. The article discusses the anatomy, functions, and interconnectedness of these organs, shedding light on how they collectively shape our perception of the world.

Болезнь Паркинсона (БП) - сложное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся сочетанием двигательных и недвигательных симптомов, не имеющих четко определенных диагностических клинических маркеров. Первичные двигательные признаки, такие как брадикинезия, тремор покоя, ригидность и потеря постуральных рефлексов, являются основными признаками, используемыми в современной клинической практике для идентификации пациентов с БП.

Гидроксид кальция уже много лет успешно используется при лечении корневых каналов. Однако при случайном попадании в окружающие жизненно важные структуры она может нанести серьезный вред, привести к тромбозу, если попадет в кровеносные сосуды, повредить соединительную ткань и вызвать некроз кожи. Эти побочные реакции известны как синдром Николау (СН) или лекарственная эмболия (embolia cutis medicamentosa). О таких побочных эффектах введения гидроксида кальция за верхушку во время лечения корневых каналов было опубликовано очень мало сообщений. 16-летняя пациентка была направлена в эндодонтическое отделение в клинику Ташкентской Медицинской Академии для обследования после лечения в отделении челюстно-лицевой хирургии по поводу отека и некроза тканей, возникших после эндодонтического лечения в другой клинике.

This article delves into the intricate concept of kidney deficiency, a term rooted in traditional medicine and also recognized in modern healthcare. Exploring the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, the article discusses the potential causes and symptoms of kidney deficiency, emphasizing its role in various health conditions. Key elements such as preventive measures, dietary considerations, and contemporary medical perspectives contribute to a holistic understanding of kidney deficiency. Aimed at both traditional medicine enthusiasts and individuals seeking insights into renal health, this article aims to shed light on the multifaceted nature of kidney deficiency.

The following text provides an overview of the problem of falsification of medicinal products and the scale of this issue worldwide. Kazakhstan is part of the global community and has not escaped this problem. According to official data, in Kazakhstan, more than 1% of medicinal products are falsified, and in reality, this figure is undoubtedly higher. In recent years, the state has devoted a lot of attention to this issue and has taken a series of effective measures to enhance national security in providing the population with medicines.

This article delves into the intricate process of nerve cell destruction, exploring the mechanisms behind the damage, the consequences for neurological function, and potential interventions. From neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's to traumatic injuries and autoimmune conditions affecting the nervous system, the article provides insights into the various facets of nerve cell destruction. Special attention is given to emerging research and therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating or preventing the loss of nerve cells. Targeted at both the scientific community and those seeking a deeper understanding of neurological disorders, this article serves as a comprehensive guide to the complex world of nerve cell destruction.

This comprehensive article delves into the vast spectrum of skin diseases, examining their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. From common conditions like acne and eczema to more complex diseases such as psoriasis and melanoma, the article provides insights into the multifaceted world of dermatology. Special attention is given to preventive measures, skincare practices, and the impact of lifestyle on skin health. Aimed at both medical enthusiasts and individuals seeking practical skincare advice, this article serves as a valuable resource for understanding, managing, and maintaining optimal skin health.

Ҳисобларга кўра жаҳонда сийдик тута олмаслик билан 200 млн.дан ортиқ киши азобланади. Фақат АҚШда сийдик тутаолмаслик кекса кишиларнинг асосий муаммоларидан бири бўлиб, 10 млн.дан кўпроқ беморларда сурункали ҳолат сифатида кузатилади. Рефлекслар узатилишининг ҳар қандай даражада бузилиши сийиш дисфункциясига, шу жумладан сийдик тутаолмасликка олиб келиши мумкин. Мураккаб уродинамик текшириш ёрдамида сийдик тута олмасликнинг аралаш турларида устунлик қилувчи компонентларни аниқлаш мумкин, бу даволаш тактикасини танлаш учун жуда муҳим.

Европейская академия отологии и нейротологии в сотрудничестве с Японским отологическим обществом (EAONO/JOS) недавно выпустили совместный консенсусный документ. В этом документе изложены определения, классификация и стадирование холестеатомы среднего уха. Основными целями были создание стандартной терминологии для описания холестеатомы, разделение ее на отдельные группы для облегчения сравнения результатов хирургического лечения и создание системы стадирования, отражающей степень тяжести, сложность удаления и восстановления нормальной функции.

Relating to dietary gluten found in wheat, rye, and barley, celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy and one of the most prevalent lifelong food-related disorders around the globe. In addition to enteropathy, celiac disease is also thought to be a systemic disorder marked by a variety of gluten-related signs and symptoms as well as disease-specific antibodies. When gluten is consumed, it produces toxic gluten peptides that can trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses in those who are susceptible.

This article delves into the intricate world of migraines, a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, severe headaches. From understanding the underlying mechanisms and triggers to exploring treatment options and lifestyle modifications, the article provides a comprehensive overview. Aimed at both sufferers and those seeking insights into this debilitating condition, it serves as a valuable resource for navigating the complexities of migraines. Special attention is given to emerging research and holistic approaches that contribute to a deeper understanding of this often-misunderstood disorder.

Arterial gipertenziyani (AG) davolashda shifokor nafaqat qon bosimini  pasaytirish, balki organlarni himoya qilishni ham ta'minlash vazifasini bajaradi, chunki organlarning shikastlanishi (chap qorincha gipertrofiyasi, mikroalbuminuriya) yurak-qon tomir asoratlari xavfini sezilarli darajada oshiradi. Gipertenziyada  nishon organlarining zararlanishi, hatto kasallikning erta bosqichlarida ham juda keng tarqalgan. Ko‘plab klinik tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, monoterapiya faqat cheklangan miqdordagi gipertoniya bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda qon bosimini samarali ravishda pasaytiradi, aksariyat hollarda qon bosimini nazorat qilish uchun kamida ikkita dori kombinatsiyasini qo‘llashni talab qiladi. Ushbu maqola antigipertenziv terapiya uchun optimal kombinatsiyani tanlashga bag‘ishlangan.

Shilder leykoensefaliti – miya to'qimalarining degeneratsiyasi bo'lib, unda asab hujayralarining miyelin qobig'ining shikastlanishi ma'lum joylarda sodir bo'ladi. Membrana vayron bo'lganda, neyronlarning o'tkazuvchanligi yo'qoladi, o'lik tolalar zich tolali qatlamlar bilan almashtiriladi, bu esa asab tizimining umumiy funksionalligini buzadi. Bu miyaning oq moddasini massiv yo'q qilish bilan tavsiflanadi, bu nerv impulslarini o'tkazishning qisman yoki to'liq yo'qolishiga olib keladi. Kasallikning klinik ko'rinishi xilma-xil bo'lib, kognitiv buzilishlar (dementsiyagacha), bosh og'rig'i, qusish, epileptik tutqanoqlar, ko'rishning pasayishi va afaziya bilan tavsiflanadi. Miya suyuqligida limfotsitar pleotsitoz aniqlanadi. Shilder leykoensefalitining kam tarqalishini va ushbu nozologiyaga bag'ishlangan ishlarning kam sonini hisobga olgan holda, o'z klinik kuzatishlarimizni taqdim etish zarur deb hisoblanadi. irish muhimligi ta'kidlangan.

The article outlines the methodological features of training and rehabilitation exercises for injured football players after arthroscopic intervention on the knee joint.

In the article, modern medical care is provided in the treatment of epilepsy in 60 patients aged 23 to 71 years. Hemorrhoid user, socio-economic importance. Traditional and modern operative treatment of hemorrhoids. Analysis of the parameters of the operation in each method: the length of the patient's stay in the hospital, the disease and the intensity of the pain.

Protein-truncating variations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene CHEK2 exhibit a moderately heightened risk of breast cancer. In contrast, the associated breast cancer risk for missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in CHEK2 often remains ambiguous. To aid in their classification, functional assays assessing the impact of missense VUS on CHK2 protein function have been conducted. This discussion delves into these functional analyses, consistently revealing a connection between impaired protein function and an increased risk of breast cancer. Overall, these findings imply that damaging CHEK2 missense VUS are linked to a breast cancer risk similar to that of protein-truncating variants. This underscores the importance of expanding the functional characterization of CHEK2 missense VUS to gain a deeper understanding of the associated cancer risk.

Питание представляет собой процесс усвоения организмом веществ, необходимых для построения и обновления тканей и компенсации энергозатрат. Потребляемые органические вещества (белки, липиды, углеводы и др.) обеспечивают энергозатраты организма. Их метаболизм имеет ряд общих путей, поэтому как энергоносители, данные вещества могут быть в некоторой степени взаимозаменяемыми. Для поддержания гомеостаза организма поступающие вещества пищи должны быть способны компенсировать энергозатраты.

В мире стоматологии одномоментная имплантация зубов представляет собой инновационную процедуру, позволяющую пациентам восстановить утраченные зубы за один прием. Этот метод стал возможным благодаря современным технологиям и постоянному развитию стоматологической хирургии. В данной статье мы рассмотрим суть процедуры, ее преимущества и возможные ограничения.

Ushbu maqolada yurak, uning tuzilishi, joylashishi, yurak sikli, hayotiy funktsiyalari, yurak mushaklarining fiziologiyasi to‘g‘risida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan

Tish kariesini mubolag'asiz “insoniyatning 1-raqamli tish dushmani” deb atash mumkin. Ushbu kasallik dunyo aholisining 93% ga ta’sir qiladi. U hatto 5-6 ming yil oldin yashagan odamlarda ham topilgan va bugungi kunda kattalardagi kariyes deyarli 90% hollarda tishlarning yo‘qolishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Bundan tashqari, bu nafaqat taniqli “teshiklar” ning shakllanishiga olib keladi. Keyinchalik, patologik jarayon atrof-muhitga tarqala boshlaganda, bu periodontitning ko'rinishini keltirib chiqaradi, keyin esa tishning to‘liq yo‘q qilinishiga olib keladi, bu uning qoldiqlari va ildizini qaytarib bo‘lmaydigan tarzda olib tashlashni talab qiladi.

Охрана здоровья работающего населения, в том числе, женщин фертильного возраста, беременных и кормящих женщин, является одной из актуальных медико-социальных проблем, ожидающих своего решения сегодня. Проведено множество исследований с целью определения стоматологического статуса женщин разного возраста, оценки стоматологического здоровья, определения распространенности среди них стоматологических заболеваний, их осложнений, лечения и профилактики на основе нового подхода к лечению и профилактике [3]. ,4,6 ,7,8,16,21].

Breast cancer (breast cancer) occupies a leading position in the structure of oncological diseases among the female population in all economically developed countries. Since 1985, KBS has been ranked first in the structure of malignant tumors in women worldwide. Over the past decade, the incidence has increased by 17.9%. Despite a fairly high level of early diagnosis, almost 700 thousand new cases of CBS are registered annually in the world, and in the CIS countries - more than 50 thousand cases.

The studies carried out show that only 25% of patients with Type 1 diabetes complain of neurological symptoms at the reception of a doctor.  Patients diagnosed with DPN were observed in 46% of cases, and it often depended on the duration of the disease.  In cases with a duration of Type 1 diabetes of less than 5 years, the prevalence of DPN was 2.4%, at a duration of 5-10 years - 28.2%, and when the disease lasted more than 10 years, the incidence of DPN was 69.4%. 10.8% of patients with Type 1 diabetes were found to have decreased vibrational sensitivity, and 31.1% to have decreased or lost Achilles reflex. The most common neurological symptom has been found to be cleavage, burns, and muscle strains of the calf muscles.

Insufficient assessment of common somatic diseases can lead to complications during the treatment of patients and lead to inefficiency of dental care. The connection between General somatic diseases and the condition of the oral cavity is made through various types of homeostases (metabolic, immunological, etc.), the violation of which leads to various diseases of the whole organism and the oral cavity

In young children, almost all types of nxl are identified according to data from different authors, but their frequency is not always appropriate in different age groups. In different age groups, nexodzhkinsky focused on the study of lymphomas, an epidemiological study of 2,531 patients shows.Relying on the results obtained from this study, it is possible to conclude that in most cases the frequency of occurrence of different variants of NXL in sick children under 5 years of age and older than 5 years is almost the same. The exception to anaplastic T/0-cell lymphoma and Berkitt's lymphoma is much more pronounced.

Vitiligo has a great influence on the psychological state and self-assessment of the patient, especially when the skin of the face and hands is damaged, such patients are more psychically ill, they are diagnosed with various disorders of the psyche.