MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS
Keywords:
Orthosiphon stamineus, Java tea, medicinal plants, flavonoids, diabetes mellitus, secondary metabolites, phytotherapy, antibacterial activity.Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (“Java tea”) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, widely used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. This work presents the morphological characteristics of its purple and white varieties, as well as their differences in flower and leaf coloration while maintaining similar anatomical structure. The main applications of the plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and hypertension are discussed. Data on the pharmacological activity of plant extracts, including hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial effects, are summarized. Special attention is given to secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and terpenoids, which determine the biological activity of the plant. The study highlights the potential of further investigation of O. stamineus as a source of natural bioactive compounds.
References
Ashraf K., Sultan S., Adam A. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is an outstanding food medicine: review of phytochemical and pharmacological activities // Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2018. Vol. 10, No. 3. P. 109–118.
Ameer O.Z., Salman I.M., Asmawi M.Z., Ibraheem Z.O., Yam M.F. Orthosiphon stamineus: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology // Journal of Medicinal Food. 2012. Vol. 15, No. 8. P. 678–690.
Wang Q., Wang J., Li N., Liu J., Zhou J., Zhuang P., Chen H. A systematic review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the treatment of diabetes and its complications // Molecules. 2022. Vol. 27, No. 2. P. 444.
Congruist A. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981. P. 924–927.
Keng H., Siong K.C. Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2006.
Abdullah N., et al. Cultivation and agronomic practices of Orthosiphon stamineus // Malaysian Agricultural Research Journal. 2012.
Mohamed E.A.H., Yam M.F., Ang L.F., Mohamed A.J., Asmawi M.A. Antidiabetic properties and mechanism of action of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth bioactive sub-fraction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats // Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 2013. Vol. 6, No. 1. P. 31–40.
Singh M.K., Gidwani B., Gupta A., Dhongade H., Kaur C.D., Kashyap P.P., Tripathi D.K. A review of the medicinal plants of Genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae) // International Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2015. Vol. 9, No. 6. P. 318–331.
Alshawsh M.A., Abdulla M.A., Ismail S., Amin Z.A. Hepatoprotective effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats // Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011. Vol. 2011.
Achmad S.J., Syah Y.M., Hakim E.H., Juliawaty L.D., Makmur L., Mujahidin D. Ilmu kimia dan kegunaan tumbuh-tumbuhan obat Indonesia. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2008.
Azam A.A., Pariyani R., Ismail I.S., Ismail A., Khatib A., Abas F., Shaari K. Urinary metabolomics study on the protective role of Orthosiphon stamineus in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats via ¹H NMR spectroscopy // BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017. Vol. 17.
Almatar M., Rahmat Z., Salle F.M. Preliminary morphological and anatomical study of Orthosiphon stamineus // Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research. 2013. Vol. 1, No. 4. P. 1–6.
