MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARDA PARAZITAR KASALLIKLARNING OLDINI OLISH BO‘YICHA O‘ZBEKISTON TAJRIBASI
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Abstract:
Parazit kasalliklar O'zbekistonda, ayniqsa qishloq va kam ta'minlangan shahar hududlarida yashovchi maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar orasida doimiy sog'liqni saqlash muammosi bo'lib qolmoqda. Ushbu sharhda 0-6 yoshdagi bolalarda parazit infeksiyalarining oldini olish bo'yicha 2015-yildan 2025-yilgacha bo'lgan milliy tajriba va so'nggi tashabbuslar tahlil qilinadi, milliy sog'liqni saqlash hisobotlari, mintaqaviy tadqiqotlar va Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) ko'rsatmalaridan olingan ma'lumotlar integratsiyalashgan. O'zbekistonning profilaktika yondashuvi ommaviy degelmintizatsiya kampaniyalarini, sanitariyani yaxshilash loyihalarini va ota-onalar, vasiylar va maktabgacha ta'lim muassasalariga qaratilgan sog'liqni saqlash ta'lim dasturlarini birlashtiradi. Antigelmint dorilarni - asosan albendazol va mebendazolni - muntazam ravishda tarqatish maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni tibbiy ko'rikdan o'tkazish, bolalarni emlash kunlari va jamoat salomatligi tadbirlari orqali amalga oshirildi. JSST va UNICEF bilan hamkorlikda mamlakat tuproq orqali yuqadigan gelmintlar (STH) va protozoal infeksiyalarni nazorat qilishni kuchaytirdi, shu bilan birga bolalar bog'chalari va oilaviy klinikalar orqali gigiena ta'limini targ'ib qildi. Toshkent, Samarqand va Farg'onadagi mintaqaviy dasturlar gelmint infeksiyasi darajasining sezilarli darajada pasayishini ko'rsatdi, ayniqsa degelmintizatsiya suv sifati va sanitariya infratuzilmasini yaxshilash bilan birlashtirilgan joylarda. Biroq, qishloq maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni to'liq qamrab olishni ta'minlash, davolanishdan keyingi gigiena qoidalariga rioya qilish va atrof-muhitning ifloslanishi tufayli qayta infeksiyani oldini olishda muammolar saqlanib qolmoqda. Sog'liqni saqlash, ta'lim va suv resurslari vazirliklari o'rtasidagi tarmoqlararo hamkorlikni mustahkamlash barqarorlik uchun juda muhim ekanligini isbotladi. O'zbekiston tajribasi shuni ko'rsatadiki, farmakologik, ta'lim va infratuzilma choralarini birlashtirgan integratsiyalashgan model maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar orasida parazit kasalliklari yukini kamaytirishning eng samarali yo'lini taklif qiladi. Vasiylarning ishtiroki, maktabgacha gigiena standartlari va mahalliy kuzatuv tizimlariga doimiy e'tibor qaratish uzoq muddatli nazoratga erishish va bolalar salomatligi va farovonligining milliy maqsadlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun juda muhimdir.
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