Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

To evaluate 3D elastographic parameters of ovarian stroma in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and determine their significance in reproductive prognosis and therapeutic decision-making.

Post-thrombotic disease (PTD) with iliac or iliofemoral venous occlusion represents one of the most severe forms of chronic venous insufficiency, characterized by pronounced venous hypertension and development of venous ulcers. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare clinical, hemodynamic, and long-term outcomes of Palma femoro-femoral bypass and endovascular interventions (recanalization and stenting) in patients with PTD and venous ulcers. A review of the literature demonstrates a clear advantage of endovascular reconstruction in terms of primary and secondary patency, speed of symptom regression, and ulcer-healing rates. Palma’s operation remains a valuable option in cases where endovascular recanalization is not feasible.

This article examines in detail modern methods of bone and soft tissue analysis using X-rays. At the same time, the advantages and limitations of the methods are analyzed from a scientific point of view, and their application in clinical practice is described with specific examples. Throughout the article, diagnostic methods such as simple radiography, contrast X-ray methods, computed tomography, densitometry are compared, and their possibilities and limitations are discussed.

This article examines in detail modern approaches to antibiotic prescribing in children, including the need for strict differentiation between viral and bacterial infections, the importance of laboratory confirmation of diagnosis, and the risk of pathogen resistance developing with inappropriate use of antibacterial agents.

Морбидное ожирение представляет собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения, требующую комплексного терапевтического подхода. Бариатрическая хирургия остается наиболее эффективным методом долгосрочного снижения массы тела у пациентов с тяжелым ожирением. Настоящая работа освещает современные аспекты периоперационного ведения пациентов, включая диагностику сопутствующих состояний, таких как параэзофагеальные грыжи, тактику выполнения ревизионных бариатрических операций, а также роль реконструктивной хирургии в устранении избытков кожно-жировых тканей после массивной потери веса. Рассмотрены показания к абдоминопластике как завершающему этапу комплексного лечения. Представлен анализ современных подходов к микрохирургической реконструкции посттравматических рубцовых контрактур. Подчеркивается необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода для достижения оптимальных функциональных и эстетических результатов.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a serious medical and social problem of the 21st century that affects more than 500 million people worldwide. Although type 2 diabetes is considered a single disease, in fact it is a heterogeneous group with different clinical manifestations, metabolic features, risks of complications and response to treatment. Modern endocrinology abandons the simplified model of "insulin resistance + hyperglycemia" and proceeds to the concept of T2DM phenotypes, which reflect the diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms that cause the disease. This general diagnosis is usually divided into several categories, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and diabetes caused by other causes (such as medication), with most cases of diabetes classified as type 2 (90-95%) or type 1 (5-10%).

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the biochemical and physiological roles of folic acid (vitamin B9), focusing on DNA and RNA synthesis, cell division, methylation reactions, hematopoiesis, and embryonic development. The pathophysiological mechanisms of folate deficiency, global and regional epidemiological indicators, and clinical outcomes—including megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and cognitive impairment—are examined based on evidence-based data. Risk groups, folate requirements during pregnancy, the consequences of micronutrient deficiency, and the effectiveness of fortification programs are evaluated. The findings confirm that adequate folic acid intake is a crucial determinant for perinatal health, prevention of neonatal disabilities, and reduction of hematological and cardiometabolic risks.

This article examines the fundamental principles of developmental physiology—the science that studies changes in the structural and functional systems of the human body at various stages of ontogenesis. Particular attention is paid to the developmental characteristics of the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and cognitive systems during childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging.

This article analyzes the fundamental mechanisms of membrane transport—a key process that maintains cellular homeostasis, metabolism, signal transduction, and the fundamental biological functions of living systems.

In this research, the results of the analysis on the acute toxicity of the dry extract obtained from the leaves of Persica vulgaris Mill. are presented. Based on the toxicological research findings, it was established that the dry extract belongs to Hazard Class 4 (low-toxic substances) according to acute toxicity parameters, does not possess cumulative effects, does not irritate the mucous membranes, and does not exhibit sensitizing properties. Furthermore, it does not cause dystrophic, necrotic, or inflammatory changes in the structure of the internal organs of experimental animals.

Various forms of chronic periodontitis are widespread among dental patients. For example, in the granulomatous and granulational forms of chronic periodontitis, radiological examination reveals bone resorption in the periapical region. The regeneration of this resorbed area and the quality of endodontic treatment of root canals depend on many factors — such as adequate instrumental, mechanical, and medicamentous preparation of the canals. Among these, the proper selection of root canal filling material, namely the sealer, according to the clinical situation during obturation, is also of great importance.

This work presents the results of an examination of 37 patients (ages 26 to 64) with low hemoglobin rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of the 14 patients (37.8%) we observed (Group 1), reliable low hemoglobin values (<110 g/l) were reported, while the remaining 23 (62.2%) Patients (Group 2) had normal hemoglobin levels.

Ventricular septal defect (IVD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects in children. Despite the success in surgical correction of breast cancer, some patients face the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) in the postoperative period. The article discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of CHF formation after correction of VMI, highlights the main diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors that are important for optimizing follow-up and therapy. Children who underwent IVF correction before the age of 1 year are more likely to show signs of chronic heart failure, which is associated with myocardial immaturity and severe hemodynamic overload at an early age. In the absence of urgent indications, the optimal time for surgical intervention may be considered to be closer to 1 year of age, which helps to reduce the risk of postoperative CHF and improve the prognosis.

Candidiasis, which occurs in people with weakened immune systems, is the most common fungal infection in patients diagnosed with HIV, which worsens the course of the disease and negatively affects the quality and life expectancy of patients. This infection mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes of organs and systems, causing severe peeling, which is often found in an invasive form. This infection, which develops in more than 90% of HIV-infected people, is more pronounced in the pre-active art and later stages of AIDS. In this review, the main task is to analyze the epidemiology of candidiasis that has developed against the background of HIV, and the relevance of its detection and the specifics of its control. It is known that the development of candidiasis is caused by several Candida species, and the identification of each pathogen causing candidiasis at the molecular level is considered important.

This article will shed light on the causes of maternal death and methods of its prevention due to massive bleeding in obstetrics, which are currently a pressing problem in the world. At the same time, the possibility of maintaining the uterus of the reproductive organ is reflected in ham. The preservation of human life is achieved by removing a woman from the state of postgemorrhagic shock and timely hemostasis.

Latin terminology remains one of the most persistent and structurally indispensable components of modern clinical laboratory communication. Although contemporary medicine increasingly relies on digital systems, standardized abbreviations, and automated reporting tools, the conceptual logic of many laboratory terms is still rooted in classical Latin morphology. This study explores the semantic structure, interpretive function, and practical significance of Latin terms used in clinical laboratory results, with specific attention to how they shape understanding among physicians, residents, and medical students. Through a detailed conceptual-semantic analysis, the research demonstrates that Latin-derived terms—such as hemoglobin, leukocytosis, hypokalemia, bilirubinemia, subclinical, intravenous, and in vitro—continue to guide diagnostic reasoning by encoding anatomical orientation, pathological deviation, and biochemical processes in compact morphological units.

Latin has long served as the linguistic backbone of pharmacological nomenclature, providing a stable, universal, and conceptually precise system for naming drugs across global medical practice. This study examines the contemporary significance of Latin in pharmacology, exploring how its morphological structures—particularly roots, prefixes, and suffixes—support clarity, standardization, and cross-linguistic consistency in drug naming. Despite rapid scientific advances and the growing dominance of English in biomedical communication, Latin remains the essential scaffold that preserves semantic accuracy and prevents terminological ambiguity in pharmaceutical classification. Through a detailed linguistic and pharmacological analysis, this research identifies the principal mechanisms by which Latin contributes to international drug nomenclature. These mechanisms include conceptual unification, dosage interpretation, pharmacodynamic specification, and structural categorization. Additionally, the study evaluates the integration of Latin within established naming systems such as the International Nonproprietary Names (INN), United States Adopted Names (USAN), and European Pharmacopoeia standards, demonstrating how Latin-based morphological elements enhance global harmonization in medication labeling and regulation

Latin affixes form the semantic backbone of anatomical terminology, providing a stable and universally comprehensible system for describing structure, orientation, and function within the human body. This study examines the linguistic and conceptual roles of Latin prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms, emphasizing how these affixes shape meaning and sustain terminological precision across medical disciplines. Through etymological and semantic analysis, the research categorizes major affix types and explains their contributions to spatial orientation, morphological specification, functional classification, and descriptive attribution in anatomical nomenclature.The paper also investigates translation challenges that arise when Latin-derived anatomical terms are adapted into modern languages with differing morphological structures. Issues such as polysemy, structural mismatch, and incomplete semantic transfer often complicate accurate translation and may hinder scientific clarity

Latin morphology—comprising its system of prefixes, suffixes, and root forms—has long served as a foundational linguistic structure in medical terminology. Yet its role extends far beyond vocabulary memorization. This study argues that Latin morphology functions as a cognitive framework that shapes diagnostic reasoning, enhances conceptual clarity, and strengthens clinical literacy among medical students. By deconstructing the semantic architecture of Latin morphological units, the research demonstrates how these elements support the formation of diagnostic hypotheses, facilitate pattern recognition, and reduce interpretive errors in early medical training. Key morphological markers such as hyper-, hypo-, inter-, sub-, endo-, and peri-—alongside suffixes like -itis, -oma, -emia, and -pathy—encapsulate pathophysiological processes that assist students in navigating complex terminology before clinical exposure.

Latin prefixes and suffixes form one of the most durable and semantically powerful components of medical terminology, particularly within the domain of clinical diagnostics. Their function extends far beyond linguistic ornamentation; they serve as structural and conceptual tools that allow clinicians to identify pathological processes, anatomical locations, disease severity, and functional abnormalities with precision. This study investigates the practical significance of Latin morphological elements in diagnostic reasoning, focusing on how prefixes such as hyper-, hypo-, peri-, infra-, inter-, and sub- and suffixes such as -itis, -oma, -algia, -pathy, and -emia contribute to the interpretive frameworks used in contemporary clinical evaluation.

The Russian language continues to play a central role in the medical sphere across many post-Soviet and multilingual regions, serving as a key medium for clinical communication, scientific exchange, academic training, and diagnostic standardization. This article explores the functional significance of Russian within modern medical practice, focusing on its contributions to medical education, interprofessional coordination, patient care, and international collaboration. Through descriptive analysis and synthesis of published data, this work highlights how Russian-language medical literature, clinical terminology, and educational resources remain foundational for healthcare professionals, particularly in regions where Russian serves as a shared professional language. At the educational level, Russian remains the language of instruction for a substantial portion of medical textbooks, clinical guidelines, and scientific materials used in training physicians, nurses, and allied healthcare workers. In clinical settings, the Russian language facilitates accurate documentation, interdisciplinary communication, and unified understanding of diagnostic protocols.

Medical terminology in the Russian language represents a highly structured and historically developed system that continues to play an essential role in modern healthcare communication, clinical documentation, and medical education across multilingual regions. The Russian medical lexicon has evolved through a combination of classical Latin–Greek foundations, Soviet-era scientific contributions, and contemporary international borrowings, forming a hybrid terminological framework that remains relevant for physicians, researchers, and medical students. This article analyzes the linguistic, structural, and semantic characteristics of Russian medical terminology and examines its importance for professional communication within clinical practice. The study highlights the morphological patterns of Russian medical terminology, including affixation, compounding, and international roots that ensure terminological precision and transparency.

This article presents the research results on the theoretical and experimental foundations of sedative preparations available on the domestic pharmaceutical market. Literature data have been summarized and systematized, and the expediency of increasing the volume of import-substituting medicinal products has been demonstrated. In addition, the results of studies evaluating the prospects for developing and applying sedative preparations based on medicinal plants are provided. Opportunities for local manufacturers to establish the production of sedative preparations derived from natural raw materials, including dry extracts, are also highlighted.

For patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) there have been no recommendations for physical rehabilitation for a long time, and in fact physical activity was discouraged. Nowadays, the position regarding exercise in patients with PH has changed – studies have shown the safety and effectiveness of exercise in these patients. Most of the studies published to date on rehabilitation in patients with PH have assessed its effect on exercise tolerance. This review provides an overview of published studies and their conclusions on the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with chronic thromboembolic hypertension being as a complex therapy using medical and surgical methods of treatment and rehabilitation. The inclusion of rehabilitation in complex treatment allows to achieve patient’s highest possible tolerance to physical activity, increase in the functional class, quality of life and restore working capacity.

The study is based on survey data from 59 children born through ART from a singleton pregnancy (main group) and 50 children born from natural conception. All children underwent a general clinical examination with detailed collection of anamnestic data, measurement of height and body weight at the time of examination, and retrospective collection of anthropometric data for previous years of life. The study included children from 2 months to 5 years.

Objective: To evaluate the micronutrient status in children born through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) compared with naturally conceived children. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 92 children aged 6 months to 3 years at the Perinatal Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Multidisciplinary Children's Hospital of Tashkent State Medical University during 2024-2025. Results: Statistically significant differences were identified in the levels of vitamin D, iron, zinc, and selenium between the groups.

The article notes that the morphology of the lungs of newborns is one of the key areas of modern pathological anatomy, since it is in the postnatal period that fundamental morphofunctional transformations occur, ensuring the transition of the child's body from intrauterine to extrauterine breathing.