Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Tumor markers are biologically active substances that appear in the body in association with tumor processes or are synthesized directly by tumor cells and are primarily detected in blood serum. Tumor marker blood tests play an important role in modern oncology in the early detection of cancer, assessment of treatment effectiveness, prediction of disease recurrence, and long-term monitoring of patients. This article provides a detailed analysis of the biological and molecular basis of tumor markers, their classification, clinical application, and the diagnostic significance of the most commonly used tumor markers, as well as their advantages and limitations. In addition, the role of tumor marker tests in screening programs, modern laboratory technologies, and prospects within the framework of personalized oncology are discussed

General blood analysis (complete blood count, CBC) is one of the most widely used laboratory diagnostic tests in modern clinical practice. It provides essential information about the physiological and pathological conditions of the human body. This article discusses the clinical and diagnostic significance of general blood analysis, including the evaluation of hemoglobin levels, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hematocrit, and erythrocyte indices. Changes in hematological parameters in conditions such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, infectious disorders, allergic reactions, and hematological malignancies are analyzed. The role of automated hematology analyzers in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency is also examined. The findings indicate that general blood analysis remains a fundamental and highly informative tool for early disease detection, monitoring of treatment effectiveness, and preventive medical examinations.

This article presents current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the most common ENT diseases, including acute and chronic otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and tonsillitis. Based on an analysis of clinical practice and statistical data, the effectiveness of instrumental diagnostic methods (endoscopy, computed tomography, immunological tests) and the results of complex therapy using pharmacological and minimally invasive surgical techniques are discussed. The study results demonstrate the need for an interdisciplinary approach and standardized diagnostic protocols to improve patients' quality of life.

This article presents the scientific aspects of maxillofacial surgery worldwide, including aspects of concomitant traumatic brain injury. It also discusses modern surgical methods for the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury. A differentiated approach to the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury is explored. Quality of life and pain are assessed using questionnaires. The effectiveness of surgical treatment and its impact on patients' quality of life are determined.

This article presents the historical development of maxillofacial surgery worldwide and discusses aspects of combined craniocerebral trauma. It also explores modern surgical methods for the treatment of combined maxillofacial trauma. A differentiated approach to the treatment of combined maxillofacial trauma is explored. Quality of life and pain are assessed using questionnaires. Determining the effectiveness of surgical treatment and its impact on patients' quality of life.

This article presents the scientific aspects of maxillofacial surgery worldwide, including aspects of concomitant traumatic brain injury. It also discusses modern surgical methods for the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury. A differentiated approach to the treatment of concomitant maxillofacial injury is explored. Quality of life and pain are assessed using questionnaires. The effectiveness of surgical treatment and its impact on patients' quality of life are determined.

This article examines risk factors for urolithiasis (urolithiasis) development in residents of the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan) and develops prevention strategies. Clinical data from 400 patients with newly diagnosed urolithiasis from 2022 to 2024 were analyzed. The influence of climatic, geographical, dietary, and metabolic factors, as well as inadequate hydration, on the development of urolithiasis is examined. Comparative statistics are presented, including ultrasound data and the Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (IPSS), for cases where stones were localized in the ureters or bladder. Key risk factors are identified, and secondary prevention strategies are proposed