Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

COVID-19 pandemiyasi butun dunyo bo‘ylab sog‘liqni saqlash tizimlariga, ayniqsa, akusherlik va ginekologiya sohalariga jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. SARS-CoV-2 bilan infeksiyalangan homilador ayollar gestatsiya davriga qarab o‘zgaruvchi asoratlar xavfiga duch keladi. Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi COVID-19ning homiladorlikning turli gestatsion davrlariga ta’sirini tahlil qilish va har bir trimestga mos profilaktika choralarini taklif etishdan iborat. 2020–2023-yillarda COVID-19 bilan infeksiyalangan homilador ayollarning tibbiy ma’lumotlari retrospektiv tahlil qilindi. Natijalar homiladorlikning har bir trimestrida turli asoratlar xavfini aniqlab, trimestga xos profilaktika choralarini ishlab chiqish zarurligini tasdiqlaydi. Birinchi trimestrda homiladorlikni to‘xtatish va yallig‘lanish jarayonlari asosiy xavflar hisoblanadi, ikkinchi trimestrda preeklampsiya va gestatsion gipertenziya xavfi yuqori. Uchinchi trimestrda esa og‘ir respirator asoratlar va muddatidan oldin tug‘ruq xavfi yuqori bo‘ladi. Ushbu tadqiqot natijalari COVID-19 bilan bog‘liq asoratlarning oldini olish va davolash uchun maxsus tibbiy protokollarni takomillashtirish uchun muhim manba hisoblanadi.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted medical practices globally, particularly in the management of pregnant women. Due to physiological and immunological changes, pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 complications, which can negatively affect both the mother and fetus. This article aims to analyze studies on COVID-19's impact on pregnancy during different gestational stages and propose preventive measures tailored to each trimester. The review includes data from studies in various countries, covering risks such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and placental blood flow impairment across trimesters. Social factors like access to healthcare, psychological impacts, and long-term health consequences for both mother and child are also discussed. The findings emphasize the importance of preventive protocols and the need for further research on pregnancy management during the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance maternal and fetal outcomes.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases and mortality worldwide. Effective management involves lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions. Among antihypertensive drugs, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) (e.g., Amlodipine) are frequently prescribed. While both drug classes effectively reduce blood pressure, they differ in mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. This review aims to analyze and compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers based on existing literature, identify research gaps, and provide insights into optimizing their use in hypertension management.

Hirschsprung's disease is a fairly common disease in pediatric surgery. A study of the literature has shown that if the issues of the pathogenesis of the disease are no longer considered controversial, then the introduction of new methods of examination and surgical treatment remains difficult and ambiguous. The use of certain diagnostic and treatment methods is mainly determined by the capabilities and preferences of medical institutions. At the same time, the functional results of surgical treatment leave much to be desired. The reasons for this are the lack of clearly defined deadlines for surgical correction of the defect, as well as unresolved issues of choosing a surgical treatment method suitable for each individual child.

Operative surgery and topographical anatomy are experiencing a period of rapid development due to the introduction of innovative technologies and a deep understanding of the structure and functions of the human body. The article considers new and promising directions of operative surgery and topographical anatomy. It presents data on robotic systems, endoscopy, and laparoscopy, which allow for the performing of complex operations with less trauma and faster recovery of patients.

Sepsis is a critical, life-threatening condition and a significant global health burden. It is currently defined as severe organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with a renewed focus on the immune system's role in its pathophysiology. Despite extensive experimental and clinical research over the past three decades, effective interventions to alter the progression and outcomes of sepsis remain limited. Current evidence-based treatments are primarily confined to fundamental causal and supportive measures, while adjuvant therapies like blood purification and targeted immunotherapy have yet to demonstrate consistent efficacy. This review aims to provide an updated perspective on the immune pathophysiology of sepsis, explore therapeutic strategies targeting various immunological mechanisms, and advocate for a paradigm shift that prioritizes the host response over the pathogen as a potentially more effective therapeutic focus.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant health risk for pregnant women. Due to physiological immunosuppression during pregnancy, the risk of severe COVID-19 and complications in pregnant women is higher. Thus, studying the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is a pressing issue.

Currently, hepatitis is the second most dangerous infectious disease in the world. Despite the rapid development of modern medicine and the use of new modern methods of treating liver diseases, most patients suffer from chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis, which leads to a deterioration in the socio-economic situation. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis, mortality rates among the population are growing. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of a new combination of taurine and zinc on the antitoxic function of the liver.

Lectin was extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and purified using Affi-gel blue gel, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) – ion-exchange chromatography, and FPLC-gel filtration methods. The lectin consists of two 30 kDa subunits, and its N-terminal structure was found to be similar to other Phaseolus lectins. The hemagglutination activity of the lectin remained stable within a pH range of 1-14 and a temperature range of 0-80°C. The lectin strongly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells with an IC50 of 1.3 μM and suppressed HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity with an IC50 of 7.6 μM. The lectin also exhibited activity by increasing [3H-methyl]-thymidine incorporation in mouse splenocytes in response to a mitogenic stimulus. However, it did not stimulate nitric oxide production in murine peritoneal macrophages. Chemical modification results indicated that tryptophan is crucial for the hemagglutination activity of the lectin.

Respiratory diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity in the pediatric population worldwide. In outpatient settings, timely diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions are crucial to reduce the burden on healthcare systems, prevent complications, and ensure optimal child health outcomes. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of current international and national standards for diagnosing and treating respiratory diseases in children in ambulatory settings.