ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DRUGS ACTING ON CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
;
Alzheimer's disease, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, nicotinic agonists, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, disease-modifying treatments, clinical trials.Abstrak
All of the body's organs and tissues have muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, commonly referred to as M receptors. These receptors primarily function in cholinergic nerve conduction. Although there are five distinct subtypes of muscarinic ACh receptors, it is still unclear how each of them affects cardiac function pharmacologically. Muscarinic ACh receptors may have an impact on functional myocardial disorders and myocardial traumas, including arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, myocarditis, and myocardial fibrosis. In order to develop better strategies and provide references for further revealing and clarifying the signal transduction and mechanisms of muscarinic ACh receptors in cardiomyocytes, as well as to identify potential myocardial protective drugs that act on muscarinic ACh receptors, this article reviews the research progress on the regulation of myocardial function by muscarinic ACh receptors and related diseases.
Iqtiboslar
Pakala RS, Brown KN, Preuss CV. Cholinergic Medications. [Updated 2023 Apr 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538163/
Carlson AB, Kraus GP. Physiology, Cholinergic Receptors. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526134/
Shen, C., Zuo, Q., Shao, Z., Lin, Y., & Chen, S. (2025). Research progress in myocardial function and diseases related to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 55, 86. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2025.5527
Lymperopoulos A, Cora N, Maning J, Brill AR and Sizova A: Signaling and function of cardiac autonomic nervous system receptors: Insights from the GPCR signalling universe. FEBS J. 288:2645–2659. 2021.
Maeda S, Qu Q, Robertson MJ, Skiniotis G and Kobilka BK: Structures of the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor/G-protein complexes. Science. 364:552–557. 2019.
Foster DJ: Muscarinic receptors: From clinic to bench to clinic. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 43:461–463. 2022. Palma JA: Muscarinic control of cardiovascular function in humans: A review of current clinical evidence. Clin Auton Res. 34:31–44. 2024.
Alom F, Miyakawa M, Matsuyama H, Nagano H, Tanahashi Y and Unno T: Possible antagonistic effects of the TRPC4 channel blocker ML204 on M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in mouse ileal and detrusor smooth muscles and atrial myocardium. J Vet Med Sci. 80:1407–1415. 2018.
Schoeller C, Hoffmann S, Adolph S, Regenthal R and Abraham G: Expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in turkey cardiac chambers. Res Vet Sci. 136:602–608. 2021.
Pontes CNR, Scalzo S, Jesus ICG, Jesus EF, Nunes ADC, Mendonça MM, Mendes EP, Colugnati DB, Xavier CH, Pedrino GR, et al: Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates the negative inotropic response to acetylcholine in the heart. Peptides. 158:1708622022.
Winger G, Jutkiewicz EM and Woods JH: Comparison of the muscarinic antagonist effects of scopolamine and L-687,306. Behav Pharmacol. 31:359–367. 2020.
Butova X, Myachina T, Simonova R, Kochurova A, Bozhko Y, Arkhipov M, Solovyova O, Kopylova G, Shchepkin D and Khokhlova: Peculiarities of the acetylcholine action on the contractile function of cardiomyocytes from the left and right atria in rats. Cells. 11:38092022.
Baine S, Thomas J, Bonilla I, Ivanova M, Belevych A, Li J, Veeraraghavan R, Radwanski PB, Carnes C and Gyorke S: Muscarinic-dependent phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor by protein kinase G is mediated by PI3K-AKT-nNOS signaling. J Biol Chem. 295:11720–11728. 2020.
Dolejší E, Janoušková A and Jakubík J: Muscarinic receptors in cardioprotection and vascular tone regulation. Physiological research. 2024.
Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D. The anticholinergic burden: from research to practice. Aust Prescr 2022;45:118-20. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2022.031
Tsimpili H, Zoidis G. A New Era of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators in Neurological Diseases, Cancer and Drug Abuse. Pharmaceuticals. 2025; 18(3):369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18030369
Crestini A, Carbone E, Rivabene R, Ancidoni A, Rosa P, Tata AM, Fabrizi E, Locuratolo N, Vanacore N, Lacorte E, et al. A Systematic Review on Drugs Acting as Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Dementia. Cells. 2024; 13(3):237. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13030237
