Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

The article discusses modern therapeutic and preventive approaches to nicotine leukoceratosis of the palate caused by the use of electronic cigarettes. The results of a clinical trial involving 150 patients from different regions of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. The features of the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as the effectiveness of innovative methods of therapy and prevention, are revealed. A comparative analysis of the statistics of the prevalence of nicotine leukoceratosis in connection with the use of electronic cigarettes has been carried out. The results confirm the importance of an integrated approach, including topical therapy, correction of immune status and non-vaping.

This article examines the trends in HIV incidence in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2003 to 2023. It provides an analysis of epidemiological data, diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies. A decrease in the rate of new HIV cases has been noted, attributed to the implementation of national programs, expanded testing, and improved access to antiretroviral therapy. Key challenges are identified, and recommendations are proposed to further strengthen the national HIV response

The ICP-MS method was used to determine the elemental composition of the herbal collection with hepatoprotective activity, including raw materials of domestic medicinal plants: red clover herb, milk thistle fruits, sandy immortelle flowers and corn silks with stigmas. The analysis revealed the presence of 61 mineral elements. The content of such essential elements as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, etc., which have a positive effect on the vital functions of the body, was also noted. It was ascertained that the analyzed medicinal herbal collection is environmentally safe, since the content of toxic elements in it does not exceed permissible values.

Massive weight loss following bariatric surgery frequently results in significant skin and soft tissue laxity requiring reconstructive intervention. Abdominoplasty represents the most commonly performed procedure in the post-bariatric patient population, addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns.

Post-burn scar contractures represent one of the most challenging reconstructive problems in plastic surgery, often requiring complex microsurgical interventions to restore function and aesthetics. This comprehensive review examines current microsurgical approaches for burn scar reconstruction, including free tissue transfer, vascularized composite allotransplantation, and innovative techniques for complex contracture release. Understanding the principles of microsurgical reconstruction is essential for optimizing functional outcomes and improving quality of life in burn survivors.

The development of antispasmodic tablets requires careful selection of excipients to ensure the tablets' efficacy, stability, and patient compliance. Excipients, which play a crucial role in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms, are non-active ingredients that aid in the manufacturing process and enhance the performance of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In this study, various excipients commonly used in antispasmodic tablet formulations, including binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and stabilizers, were evaluated based on their physicochemical properties and compatibility with the active ingredients. The selection criteria for excipients included their ability to improve the dissolution rate, bioavailability, and stability of the tablets, while minimizing side effects. The influence of these excipients on the mechanical properties and release profile of the tablets was assessed through various in vitro tests. The study highlights the importance of excipient selection in optimizing the formulation and ensuring the desired therapeutic outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

Инфекции мочевыделительной системы представляют собой одну из наиболее распространённых клинических проблем, особенно в период гестации. Одним из наиболее часто выявляемых состояний у беременных женщин является бессимптомная бактериурия (ББ), которая при отсутствии своевременного и этиотропного лечения может прогрессировать в восходящую инфекцию с развитием пиелонефрита беременных и прочих осложнений гестационного периода. Проблему усугубляет рост устойчивости возбудителей к антибактериальной терапии, что затрудняет выбор безопасной и эффективной схемы лечения. Цель исследования: оценить терапевтическую результативность фосфомицина при ББ у беременных во втором триместре, а также его потенциал в предотвращении гестационного пиелонефрита.

To evaluate the efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions provided to pregnant women facing the threat of miscarriage, a retrospective review was conducted involving 150 cases of patients with gestational age up to 22 weeks who underwent inpatient treatment in gynecological departments of Volgograd. All women had been diagnosed with "Threatened abortion" according to ICD-10 classification (code O20.0). The analysis revealed that one in three patients (n = 51; 34%) did not receive the full range of diagnostic procedures outlined in clinical guidelines, including pelvic ultrasound in the first trimester and cervicometry in the second trimester. The most frequent issues were related to inappropriate therapeutic strategies. Polypharmacy was identified in 110 cases (73.3%), where patients were prescribed 6 to 10 different medications. Moreover, in 92 women (61.3%), the prescribed drugs were not listed in the official medical care protocols for this condition. Among these patients, 60 (40%) required rehospitalization due to recurrent symptoms, and in 17 cases (28.3%) the pregnancy could not be sustained.

Свищи мочеполовой системы представляют собой частое осложнение акушерско-гинекологических вмешательств, среди которых преобладают сообщения между мочевым пузырём и влагалищем. Пузырно-маточные свищи выявляются значительно реже, что затрудняет их диагностику и последующее лечение. Настоящая работа включает аналитический обзор отечественных и зарубежных публикаций по данной теме, а также иллюстрируется описанием собственного клинического случая. У женщины 43 лет спустя месяц после родоразрешения через кесарево сечение началось непроизвольное выделение мочи через влагалище, что позволило заподозрить наличие пузырно-маточного свища. Спустя три месяца в клинике СамГМУ выполнено лапароскопическое вмешательство с рассечением свищевого хода и ушиванием дефекта. Уже на 7-й день после удаления катетера в уретре восстановилось самостоятельное и контролируемое мочеиспускание. Контрольные ультразвуковые обследования через 1, 3 и 6 месяцев подтвердили состоятельность маточного рубца. Отмечено отсутствие подтекания мочи и жалоб со стороны мочевыделительной системы. Представленный случай демонстрирует эффективность малоинвазивного лапароскопического доступа при коррекции пузырно-маточного свища, обеспечивая хорошее восстановление и быстрое возвращение пациентки к обычной жизни.

This article presents the results of the transfer-transfer technology study into the production of Ketomax tablets. The research was devoted to the transfer of knowledge and technologies at all stages of the life cycle of a medicinal product based on scientific knowledge about medicinal products and taking into account national and international regulatory requirements in the field of development, production and circulation of medicines. The importance of taking into account aspects related to the quality of medicines at all stages of technology transfer is shown.