Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Dental deposits, including plaque and calculus, are common issues that can lead to a host of oral health problems, including gum disease, tooth decay, and halitosis. Professional oral hygiene, which encompasses methods for the removal of these deposits, is essential in maintaining optimal oral health and preventing dental complications. Various techniques and instruments are employed by dental professionals to effectively remove these deposits, including scaling, polishing, and the use of ultrasonic devices. Understanding the effectiveness of these methods is crucial for improving dental hygiene practices and enhancing patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of removing dental deposits during professional oral hygiene, comparing traditional techniques with modern advancements in dental care.

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common and often underestimated clinical condition that can significantly impair patients' quality of life. This condition can be associated with various diseases, as well as with the negative effects of medications used to treat them. This is especially important for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, as many of them receive medications that can cause changes in salivation. Symptoms of xerostomia include discomfort, difficulty swallowing and speaking, and an increased risk of dental disease. Despite the significant impact of xerostomia on the health of patients, the issues of its assessment and management remain insufficiently investigated. management.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In conditions of multivessel coronary artery disease, the choice of the optimal revascularization strategy becomes a key factor affecting the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Modern methods, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), hybrid revascularization and minimally invasive approaches, are actively developing due to technological progress and international clinical research. The presented review analyzes current data from foreign and domestic sources, including the recommendations of ESC/EACTS 2018, the results of major studies (FAME, ISCHEMIA, SYNTAX, EXCEL, ROMA, etc.) and new approaches to individualization of therapy. The issues of assessing anatomical complexity, adequacy of revascularization, choice of shunts and stents, as well as the importance of hemodynamic navigation (FFR/iFR) in making clinical decisions are discussed.

A two-year program of controlled brushing of teeth conducted among junior schoolchildren of secondary schools No. 8 and No. 2 of the Samarkand region, Nurabat river showed high efficiency. There was a decrease in the growth of caries of permanent teeth by an average of 49.5%. There were no significant differences between the effectiveness of remineralizing toothpastes without fluoride, pastes with aminofluoride and sodium fluoride in this study. When comparing the data obtained with the results of a similar program that covered a much larger number of primary school children, a similar tendency to decrease the increase in caries of permanent teeth was noted, which allows us to conclude that the results obtained are reliable. However, the anti-carious effect of the same toothpastes in the previously conducted program is somewhat lower - within 32%. This difference is due to the different levels of motivation and discipline of participants in ongoing preventive programs.

Dental deposits, including plaque and calculus, are common issues that can lead to a host of oral health problems, including gum disease, tooth decay, and halitosis. Professional oral hygiene, which encompasses methods for the removal of these deposits, is essential in maintaining optimal oral health and preventing dental complications. Various techniques and instruments are employed by dental professionals to effectively remove these deposits, including scaling, polishing, and the use of ultrasonic devices. Understanding the effectiveness of these methods is crucial for improving dental hygiene practices and enhancing patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of removing dental deposits during professional oral hygiene, comparing traditional techniques with modern advancements in dental care.

Gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, colitis, enterocolitis, inflammation, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers are widespread among the population. Various natural and synthetic drugs are used for their treatment. This article presents the results of research on a safe and effective herbal mixture, conditionally named “Barkhayot,” developed based on locally sourced medicinal plant materials and intended for long-term use.

A healthy lifestyle is an important aspect of modern society. One of the main components of such a lifestyle is the hardening of the body, which is a system of measures aimed at increasing the body's resistance to adverse external conditions. Hardening includes a variety of methods and techniques, such as outdoor hardening, water treatments, and physical activity, which helps improve immune system function, performance, and overall health. In the context of modern stress and various diseases, it is important to realize the need to introduce hardening practices into everyday life.

This research work is aimed at studying the technology of tincture used for urinary tract and diuretic diseases based on local herbal raw materials, as well as conducting a qualitative analysis. The aboveground part of horsetail and blue cornflower flowers were obtained as local plant raw materials.

The article presents the results of a study of the acute toxicity of capsules «Atsepanin» a combined drug that includes three active substances: acetylsalicylic acid, pantoprazole and caffeine.

One of the leading symptoms of both endemic goiter and sporadic goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland. Inspection and palpation of the gland area allows you to determine how enlarged the thyroid gland is. According to its location, the scrotum is located in the front of the neck, behind the sternum, and under the hyoid bone.

For a number of illnesses, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases, the immune system is crucial to the creation of tailored treatment.  Computational immunology, often known as immunoinformatics, is a new field that offers basic approaches for studying immunomics, or immune-related proteomics and genomes.  A deeper comprehension of immune-related disorders at different systems levels could result from the combination of immunoinformatics and systems biology methodologies. These techniques can support translational research that improves clinical practice by using scientific findings about the immune system. One new medical treatment for breast cancer is vaccination.  Cancer vaccines can be developed to teach the immune system to identify tumor cells by focusing on the tumor antigen. 

Environmental issues pose significant risks to public health, affecting millions of people worldwide. This paper explores the contemporary environmental challenges that threaten human well-being, including air pollution, water contamination, climate change, and chemical hazards. Through an analysis of existing literature, the study highlights the direct and indirect health effects of these environmental problems and discusses strategies to mitigate their impact. Effective policies, technological advancements, and global cooperation are crucial in addressing these challenges to ensure a healthier future for humanity.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a complex intervention that seeks to improve the functional capacity, wellbeing and health-related quality of life of patients with heart disease. A substantive evidence base supports cardiac rehabilitation as a clinically effective and cost-effective intervention for patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and after coronary revascularization. In this Review, we discuss the major contemporary challenges that face cardiac rehabilitation. Despite the strong recommendation in current clinical guidelines for the referral of these patient groups, global access to cardiac rehabilitation remains poor. The  pandemic has contributed to a further reduction in access to cardiac rehabilitation. An increasing body of evidence supports home-based and technology-based models of cardiac rehabilitation as alternatives or adjuncts to traditional centre-based programmes, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, in which cardiac rehabilitation services are scarce, and scalable and affordable models are much needed.

The rapid industrialization and urbanization of modern society have resulted in severe environmental challenges that directly impact public health. Issues such as air pollution, water contamination, climate change, and hazardous waste disposal contribute to the rising incidence of respiratory diseases, cancers, and other health disorders. This paper explores the major environmental threats to human health, discusses their implications, and outlines strategic interventions to mitigate these risks. By implementing sustainable policies and increasing public awareness, societies can safeguard both environmental integrity and human well-being.

Family doctors play a crucial role in the primary healthcare system by providing accessible and comprehensive medical services. In Uzbekistan, enhancing the efficiency of family doctors is essential for improving public health outcomes. This article explores key strategies to optimize the activities of family doctors in primary healthcare institutions in Uzbekistan, addressing challenges such as medical training, workload distribution, and integration of digital health technologies. By implementing targeted policy reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and patient-centered approaches, Uzbekistan can enhance the effectiveness of its primary healthcare system.

The implementation of e-health in the Republic of Uzbekistan represents a significant step toward modernizing the healthcare system and improving access to quality medical services. E-health involves the use of digital technologies to manage and deliver health services, improve healthcare delivery, and ensure better patient outcomes. This article explores the development of e-health initiatives in Uzbekistan, highlighting key policies, challenges, and opportunities for further growth. The integration of electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, mobile health applications, and the digitalization of medical services are among the main components of e-health in the country. Moreover, the article examines the role of the government, healthcare professionals, and technological advancements in facilitating the successful adoption of e-health solutions. The analysis also addresses the barriers to implementation, including infrastructure limitations, data security concerns, and the need for capacity-building in healthcare personnel. The findings suggest that while progress has been made, continuous investment and collaboration between stakeholders are crucial for the sustainable development of e-health in Uzbekistan.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in HIV infection is one of the most serious and commonly encountered neurological complications in HIV-positive individuals. The human immunodeficiency virus can penetrate nervous system cells at the early stages of infection, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations—from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia, as well as opportunistic infections and malignancies. The most common CNS-related conditions associated with HIV include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these conditions. This paper discusses the main clinical forms, mechanisms of CNS involvement, diagnostic methods, and current treatment strategies for neurological complications of HIV infection.

Iqlim o'zgarishi va global isish butun dunyo bo'ylab aholi salomatligi uchun jiddiy xavf tug'dirmoqda. Haroratning ko'tarilishi, ekstremal ob-havo hodisalari chastotasining ortishi va kasallik shakllarining o'zgarishi sog'liqni saqlash tizimlariga bosimni oshirdi. Ushbu hujjat iqlim o'zgarishi va aholi salomatligi o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni o'rganadi, asosiy xavflarni, zaif aholi guruhlarini va kamaytirish va moslashish strategiyalarini aniqlaydi. So'nggi tadqiqotlar va ilmiy adabiyotlarni o'rganib chiqib, biz atrof-muhit o'zgarishlari yuqumli kasalliklar, nafas olish kasalliklari, issiqlik bilan bog'liq kasalliklar va ruhiy salomatlik muammolariga qanday hissa qo'shishini baholaymiz. Tadqiqot, shuningdek, iqlim bilan bog'liq sog'liq uchun xavflarni yumshatish va barqaror rivojlanishni rag'batlantirish uchun fanlararo hamkorlik va siyosat choralari zarurligini ta'kidlaydi.

This paper examines the unique nutritional needs associated with mental and physical labor. It discusses how cognitive activities increase the demand for nutrients that support brain function, while physical exertion requires enhanced energy supply from macronutrients. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored nutrition to improve work efficiency, maintain health, and prevent fatigue. Recommendations for balanced diets adapted to the nature of the work are provided, highlighting the role of nutrition in optimizing both mental and physical performance.

Nutrients play a fundamental role in supporting the vital functions and overall health of living organisms. They serve as the primary source of energy, building blocks for cellular structures, and regulators of biochemical processes essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. This paper explores the classification of nutrients, including macronutrients and micronutrients, and highlights their specific functions in metabolism, immune response, and physiological regulation. Understanding the significance of balanced nutrient intake is crucial for preventing nutritional deficiencies and promoting optimal health. The study also examines the impact of nutrient imbalances on disease development and underscores the importance of nutrition in sustaining life and well-being.

Bacterial contamination of the air environment is a significant concern in public health, especially in healthcare facilities, industrial settings, and densely populated urban areas. Airborne bacteria can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases, impact indoor air quality, and pose serious risks to immunocompromised individuals. The sources of bacterial pollutants include human activity, ventilation systems, soil particles, and water droplets. Monitoring and controlling bacterial levels in the air is crucial for preventing outbreaks of respiratory infections and ensuring a safe environment in hospitals, laboratories, and public buildings. This paper discusses the main sources of airborne bacterial contamination, methods of detection and analysis, and current strategies for air disinfection and microbial control.

Меҳнатни муҳофаза қилиш тизимининг асосий мақсади меҳнат шароитларида инсоннинг хавфсизлигини таъминлаш, ҳаёти ва соғлиғига хавф солувчи омилларни олдини олиш, иш қобилиятини узоқ вақтга сақлаб қолишдир. Ҳозирги кунда статистик маълумотларига кўра корхоналарда бахтсиз ҳодисалар ва жароҳатланишлар сони кўпайиб, уларнинг асосий сабаби ҳавф омилларни ўз вақтида тўғри баҳоланмаганлиги ва бошқариш тизим йуқлигидадир.  Ҳар бир иш ўрнида зарарли ва хавфли омиллар мажмуаси ишчилар организмига доимий равишда таъсир кўрсатади, шунинг учун хам уларни аниқлаш, баҳолаш ва олдиндан асоратларини белгилаб олиш учун имкон берадиган усулларни татбиқ этиш мухимдир. Мақолада иш ўринларда хавфларни баҳолаш ва бошқаришга ёрдам берадиган усуллар, ёндошув йўллари турли хил мамлакатлар тажрибасидан келиб чиққан холда тавсия этилган. Ишлаб чиқаришда хавф омилларини замонавий усулда аниқлаш, баҳолаш ва бошқариш босқичлари, уларни  амалиётда бажариш  йўллари баён этилган. Ҳар бир усулнинг ўзига хос жиҳатлари ва мақсадлари очиб берилиб, энг самарадор ва натижадор усуллар ажратилиб тавсия этилган.

Сочетанная челюстно-лицевая травма представляет собой серьезную проблему для клиницистов из-за сложности анатомических структур и функциональных нарушений. В статье рассматриваются пути оптимизации диагностики, комплексного лечения и реабилитации пациентов с целью повышения качества их жизни. Особое внимание уделено мультидисциплинарному подходу, своевременному хирургическому вмешательству и использованию современных методов визуализации. Отдельно подчеркивается роль психологической поддержки и длительного наблюдения для достижения полноценного восстановления и социальной адаптации. Полученные результаты подтверждают необходимость индивидуализированных лечебных протоколов, учитывающих как физические, так и психосоциальные аспекты выздоровления

Affective respiratory paroxysms (ARPs) are sudden, involuntary breath-holding spells typically triggered by emotional stimuli in young children, often causing distress for both families and clinicians. Though generally benign, frequent episodes can lead to hypoxia, syncope, and behavioral disturbances. In recent years, non-pharmacological therapies, particularly bioacoustic correction (BAC), have emerged as promising interventions. This article explores the pathophysiology of ARPs, traditional treatment approaches, and the therapeutic potential of bioacoustic correction as a neuromodulatory method to restore autonomic balance and reduce episode frequency. Evidence from clinical studies and neurological theories supporting BAC use is discussed, with a focus on pediatric care.

Multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions that complicate diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the clinical manifestations, microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes of MDR-TB in patients with associated diseases. A cohort of 120 patients with confirmed MDR-TB was analyzed, of whom 58 had one or more comorbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HIV infection, and cardiovascular diseases. The study found that comorbidities altered the clinical presentation of MDR-TB, often leading to atypical radiological patterns and prolonged bacterial persistence. Microbiological analysis revealed higher rates of extensive drug resistance and delayed sputum conversion in patients with comorbidities. Treatment outcomes were less favorable in this group, with increased rates of treatment failure and adverse drug reactions. The findings underscore the need for individualized treatment strategies and integrated care approaches for MDR-TB patients with comorbid conditions to improve clinical outcomes.

Treatment adherence is a key factor in the effective management of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis therapy can lead to prolonged disease transmission, increased risk of drug resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. This study investigates the level of treatment adherence among patients with pulmonary TB and identifies key factors influencing adherence behavior. A cohort of 150 patients receiving TB treatment was surveyed using structured questionnaires and clinical monitoring data. The study revealed that 68% of patients demonstrated high adherence, 22% showed moderate adherence, and 10% exhibited low adherence. Factors such as side effects of medication, socioeconomic status, education level, and quality of healthcare provider communication were significantly associated with adherence rates. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive patient-centered approaches, including enhanced counseling, social support, and adherence monitoring, to improve treatment outcomes and reduce TB transmission.

Mobile communication has entered and accelerated our lives. With its development, the number of cellular base stations increases. Many questions and concerns arise regarding their impact on human health. The increase in the density of base stations leads to electromagnetic smog, which in turn leads to an increase in morbidity. Given the unsafety of EMR and modern research, a new approach is needed when installing base stations.

A new drug based on the carbon structure of glycerol called 1,3-dibenzyloxy-2-glycyloxypropane has been developed, which has proven itself as a means of suppressing the nervous system. In experiments the method of obtaining this drug is not labor-intensive, and the degree of purification is also high. The presented drug is further studied in order to identify new biological properties, i.e., hypotensive, antispasmodic and M-cholinergic reactive system.

This article presents the results of research aimed at selecting the optimal composition and developing the technology of capsules based on dry extract obtained from walnut leaves. For this purpose, encapsulated masses were prepared using widely used fillers and moisturizing agents, and their pharmaco-technological indicators were evaluated. As a result, it was established that the most optimal filler for a biologically active additive in the form of a capsule containing a dry extract of walnuts as an active substance is a 1:1 ratio of microcrystalline cellulose and aerosil, a moisturizing agent is a 10% starch solution. Based on this composition, the technology of capsules based on dry walnut extract was developed.

Artificial lighting, Plant growth, Closed environments, LED technology, Fluorescent lamps, High-pressure sodium lamps, Photosynthesis, Light spectrum, Blue light, Red light, Far-red light, Phytochrome system, Plant development, Hormone production, Energy efficiency, Vertical farming, Microclonal propagation, Controlled environment agriculture, Light intensity, Spectral composition, Sustainable agriculture, Indoor farming, Plant physiology, Photoperiodism.

Gastrojejunal anastomotic strictures represent a significant complication following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, occurring in 3-27% of patients and substantially impacting quality of life and nutritional status. This comprehensive review examines the etiology, risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment modalities for anastomotic strictures in bariatric surgery. Understanding the pathophysiology of stricture formation and implementing evidence-based prevention and treatment protocols is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing long-term complications. Current management approaches include endoscopic balloon dilation, bougie dilation, steroid injection, and surgical revision, with success rates varying from 70-95% depending on stricture characteristics and treatment modality

This study investigates the effect of synthesis temperature on the physicochemical and ion exchange properties of anion exchange resins synthesized from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylamine (PVA). Anion exchangers were prepared by substituting chlorine atoms in PVC with amino groups from PVA under controlled thermal conditions ranging from 20°C to 80°C. The swelling degree, ion exchange capacity, density, and surface morphology of the resulting resins were systematically analyzed using gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the substitution reaction efficiency increases with temperature, peaking at 60°C, where the highest swelling capacity of 79.8% was observed. FTIR analysis confirmed successful chemical modification by the appearance of characteristic functional groups such as C=O and C–Cl. The study concludes that 60°C is the optimal temperature for achieving a balance between reactivity and structural stability. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing synthesis parameters for the development of efficient, cost-effective, and thermally stable PVC-PVA-based anion exchangers suitable for environmental and industrial applications.

Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is one of the most common forms of intestinal obstruction, presenting significant difficulties in diagnosis and choice of surgical tactics. The article discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis of ASBO, including multislice computed tomography, ultrasound examination and plain radiography. The results of a prospective randomized study of 218 patients are presented, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of laparoscopic and laparotomic adhesiolysis is carried out. For the first time, the use of biochemical markers is discussed, including the determination of the level of oxyproline in blood plasma and urine, as an additional criterion for assessing the degree of the fibrotic process. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility of using minimally invasive methods at both diagnostic and therapeutic stages

Gastric cancer is one of the oncological diseases with high global mortality, and its hard-to-diagnose forms pose significant challenges in clinical practice. This article explores the clinical and morphological characteristics, as well as the prognosis of forms such as diffuse adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and linitis plastica, based on a literature review. The study found that due to non-specific clinical symptoms such as epigastric pain, dyspepsia, and weight loss, the diagnosis of these forms is often delayed. Morphologically, these tumors are characterized by deep infiltration of the stomach wall, lack of gland formation, and specific cellular structures, complicating endoscopic and histological assessments.

This article analyzes the morphological changes that occur in the male genital organs, in particular the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, under hyperglycemic conditions based on scientific literature. Hyperglycemic conditions, especially those associated with diabetes mellitus, cause significant degenerative changes in the tissues of the reproductive system. This article analyzes the scientific data on the histological changes observed in various scientific experiments, the state of the prostate and seminal vesicle epithelium, and natural remedies (plant extracts) that reduce such negative effects

This review summarizes current data (2018-2024) on pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) in women of reproductive age. The main pathogens are Chlamydia trachomatis (20-40%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (10-20%) and Mycoplasma genitalium (up to 25%). Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria (CDC), NAAT tests and ultrasound. Empirical treatment includes ceftriaxone, doxycycline ± metronidazole, but is complicated by increasing resistance. Remote consequences are severe: infertility (up to 40% after 3 episodes), ectopic pregnancy (risk ↑6-10 times), chronic pelvic pain (15-30%). Key prevention measures are screening for STIs and treatment of partners. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy are critical to maintaining reproductive health.

This review summarizes current data (2018-2024) on pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) in women of reproductive age. The main pathogens are Chlamydia trachomatis (20-40%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (10-20%) and Mycoplasma genitalium (up to 25%). Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria (CDC), NAAT tests and ultrasound. Empirical treatment includes ceftriaxone, doxycycline ± metronidazole, but is complicated by increasing resistance. Remote consequences are severe: infertility (up to 40% after 3 episodes), ectopic pregnancy (risk ↑6-10 times), chronic pelvic pain (15-30%). Key prevention measures are screening for STIs and treatment of partners. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy are critical to maintaining reproductive health.

Маловодие (олигоhydramnios) — одно из важных акушерских осложнений, характеризующееся снижением объема амниотической жидкости, что может негативно влиять на течение беременности и перинатальные исходы. В статье представлены современные данные о причинах и последствиях маловодия, основанные на анализе литературы и региональных статистических данных всего мира, а также Республики Узбекистан. Обсуждаются этиологические факторы, диагностические критерии, а также влияние маловодия на состояние плода и исходы беременности. Цель исследования - выявить особенности распространенности маловодия и его клинического течения в разных регионах, а также обосновать необходимость оптимизации тактики ведения беременных с данным осложнением.

The article presents information on the bioecological characteristics of the plant Bidens frondosa L., including its botanical description, taxonomic position, medicinal properties, and chemical composition that determines its pharmacological activity.

Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death among children under five years of age, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite substantial advances in medical science, delayed diagnosis and lack of effective preventive measures continue to hinder progress in reducing its global burden. Modern approaches, including advanced diagnostic technologies, digital health tools, improved vaccination coverage, and integrated community health strategies, are increasingly being utilized to address this public health challenge. This paper explores the latest developments in the early detection and prevention of pediatric pneumonia, focusing on clinical innovations, artificial intelligence applications, and public health strategies. Special attention is given to how these approaches can be adapted and applied in resource-constrained environments.