Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Functional micturition disorders (FMD) in patients with autonomic dysfunction are a common problem that significantly impairs quality of life. Impaired autonomic regulation can lead to detrusor overactivity, incomplete voiding, urinary frequency, incontinence, and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with significant urodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and urodynamic characteristics of FMD in adult patients with signs of autonomic dysfunction and determine the frequency of various types of disorders. Standardized questionnaires and urodynamic examination were used. The data obtained allow us to clarify the spectrum and frequency of disorders and propose approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

Renal failure has been theoretically analyzed using domestic and foreign literature sources. The literature review includes an analysis of the etiology and epidemiology of renal failure. Currently, a large number of people worldwide suffer from renal failure, which is characterized by severe complications, a high risk to life, significant treatment costs, and difficulties in diagnosis. Therefore, preventive measures and standard treatment protocols are being implemented. The possibility of analyzing medicinal products used in the treatment of renal failure has emerged. The etiology and epidemiology of renal failure, along with a theoretical analysis of global statistical data, are presented.

This article examines the physiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal circulation as a critical component of systemic hemodynamics. The findings provide insights into the pathophysiological processes underlying gastrointestinal diseases.

This article analyzes data on anticancer drugs registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan and supplied by wholesale pharmaceutical enterprises. The analysis is based on official sources, including the State Register of Medicines, Medical Devices, and Medical Equipment authorized for use in medical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and DRUG AUDIT data. The article synthesizes information on medicinal products used in the treatment of patients with cancer. The results obtained serve as a basis for optimizing the timely supply of drugs to patients and streamlining their delivery to hospitals.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a perennial medicinal plant with a rich phytochemical composition, including triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These constituents provide a wide range of pharmacological effects: anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and endocrine activities. Modern preclinical and experimental studies confirm the efficacy of licorice in models of inflammatory diseases, bronchopulmonary disorders, gastric ulcer, and viral infections, as well as its ability to enhance the effects of other herbal preparations.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the enzymatic function of the gastrointestinal tract in young children, taking into account the stages of morphofunctional maturation of the digestive system

Active (vacuum) drainage of the abdominal cavity has become widely used in abdominal surgery as a method for preventing postoperative complications, particularly seromas, infected hematomas, and abscesses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of active drainage compared with passive methods in the postoperative period in patients undergoing abdominal surgery of varying complexity. A prospective analysis of 300 patients was conducted, divided into two groups: active drainage (n = 150) and passive drainage (n = 150). The active group demonstrated a statistically lower complication rate (12% vs. 26%, p < 0.01), earlier mobilization, and a reduced length of hospital stay. The data obtained confirm the effectiveness of vacuum drainage as a standard for the prevention of postoperative complications in the complex therapy of abdominal surgery.

Chronic purulent dacryocystitis and associated rhinosinusitis remain a significant problem in ophthalmo-otolaryngology practice due to the high rate of complications and recurrences. Endoscopic and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is widely used as an effective surgical method for restoring nasolacrimal drainage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical interventions, factors influencing treatment outcome, and develop recommendations for preventing complications. This prospective study included 240 patients (18-75 years) diagnosed with chronic purulent dacryocystitis with rhinosinusitis. The analysis revealed a high clinical success rate after endoscopic DCR (87.5%) and a low complication rate (5.8%). Algorithms for preventing postoperative complications and recommendations for interdisciplinary patient management are proposed

Gastric resection remains a primary surgical procedure for numerous gastrointestinal pathologies, including complicated peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Despite advances in surgery and perimenopausal therapy, the incidence of postoperative complications remains high and impacts treatment outcomes and patient quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, types, and risk factors of complications after gastric resection in patients in surgical hospitals. An analysis of 220 clinical cases showed an overall complication rate of ~28.6%, with the most common being postoperative anastomotic leak (8.6%), wound infection (7.7%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (5.9%). Key predictors of complication risk were identified, enabling recommendations for their prevention.

Pesticides – chemical substances used in agriculture to control pests and improve crop yields have been linked to adverse effects on human health when exposure is chronic or acute. The liver, as the principal organ responsible for xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, is especially susceptible. Hepatic cells including hepatocytes are primary targets of pesticide-induced toxicity. This article reviews the molecular and cellular effects of pesticides on liver tissue, highlighting key mechanisms and health outcomes with scientific references.

The article deals with the synthesis reaction to produce and interact with dialkylaminoalkyl halogen-containing substances, their composition and structure was studied by elemental, IR, PMR-spectroscopic analyzes. Electrocapillary studied curves, the electric charge density, the concentration of adsorbed molecules, the dependence of the differential capacitance of the synthesized substances. The results of the studies showed that the synthesized crystalline quaternary ammonium salt with dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate-based materials have the properties of halogen-containing surfactant, cation type.

This article focuses on optimizing surgical treatment for congenital asymmetric cleft palate in children. This study prospectively examined the results of palatoplasty for congenital cleft palate with asymmetry of the MR and uvulae in 84 patients. The proposed method for surgical repair of cleft palate with MR and uvula asymmetry ensures positive results in primary surgical interventions, reducing or eliminating the need for repeat reconstructive surgeries. It also helps reduce the incidence of postoperative palatal defects.

Cardiotoxicity remains one of the leading problems in modern antitumor therapy and significantly limits the effectiveness of treatment for patients with acute leukemia. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of endothelial dysfunction and genetic factors in shaping individual susceptibility to myocardial damage. Endothelin-1, encoded by the EDN1 gene, is a key regulator of vascular tone, microcirculation, and inflammatory processes, and the Lys197Asn (rs5370) functional polymorphism is considered a potential modifier of cardiovascular risk

Tuberculosis (TB), despite its treatability, remains a global threat to public health, concentrating among socially vulnerable groups of the population. Traditional vertical TB programs are often ineffective for such groups due to a complex of medical, social, and economic barriers. This review examines the evolution of the paradigm towards a multidisciplinary approach (MDP), which integrates the efforts of clinicians, epidemiologists, social workers, psychologists, lawyers, and community representatives. It has been proven that MDP increases detection, adherence to treatment, and overall outcomes, contributing to the achievement of WHO's TB Strategy goals.

Early childhood caries is one of the most common dental pathologies in children in the first two years of life and is characterized by rapid progression and a high incidence of complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of modern comprehensive preventive approaches to preventing early childhood caries in children under two years of age. The study included 60 children, divided into a study and a control group of 30 people. Children in the study group underwent a set of preventive measures, including an individual caries risk assessment, parental education on oral hygiene rules for the child, correction of the feeding and nutrition regimen, and the use of fluoride-containing products in age-appropriate concentrations. The control group received standard preventive recommendations.

The aim of this study was to create an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in laboratory rats and to study the morphological state of colon tissue structures after mini-gastroshunt (MGS, one-anastomosis gastric bypass) surgery. 40 male Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-220 g were used in the study. After the diabetes model was confirmed, mini-gastroshunt surgery was performed in the experimental group. After mini-gastroshunt surgery, animals were removed from the experiment on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30, and material was taken from the distal sections of the colon. The material was fixed in 10% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Van Gieson and Mallory to identify connective tissue. Electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural analysis. The results of the study show that mini-gastroshunt surgery does not cause irreversible damage to the colon even in the setting of type 2 diabetes, but rather activates compensatory-adaptive mechanisms.

The article presents a review of scientific literature, clinical observations, containing data on the features of neurological manifestations and mental disorders, complications from the nervous system in a new coronavirus infection, illustrated with clinical examples. Neurological manifestations are not leading in the clinic for diseases caused by coronaviruses. However, the development of the nervous system is also possible with respiratory, sensory, motor, autonomic and other disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. Also, COVID-19 can worsen the course of already existing neurological diseases, therefore, this article provides basic recommendations for the management of certain groups of patients with nervous diseases.

The relevance of this problem is due to the widespread use of agrochemicals in vegetable growing and the high vulnerability of children to chemical factors. The objective of this study is to formulate and substantiate a set of hygiene measures aimed at reducing the intake of residual amounts of agrochemicals by children through the consumption of vegetable products. This paper analyzes the sources and routes of agrochemical exposure in the food chain, age-related and physiological characteristics of exposure in children, as well as existing regulatory and technological control measures. Methodologically, the study is based on a systematic analysis of scientific literature, the results of sanitary monitoring, and the principles of risk-based hygiene regulation.

The results of a study of the standard of living using the adapted OHIP-14 questionnaire in connection with the efficiency and quality of manufacturing of removable dentures among 120 patients with complete absence of teeth are presented. It has been established that the inability to use prostheses affects the quality of life, significantly worsening all its aspects. Patients who are satisfied with the results of prosthetics have a significantly higher level of quality of life.

The prevalence and incidence of dental defects depend on a variety of factors, including an individual's race, geographical location, and gender. Scientific studies demonstrate that enamel defects occur in approximately 33% of the population, which underscores the importance of dentists' awareness of these disorders and their ability to effectively inform parents.

Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital deformity of the chest wall, accounting for up to 85–90% of all thoracic deformities. In addition to cosmetic concerns, this condition may cause functional impairment of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, particularly during adolescence. Surgical correction using the D. Nuss thoracoplasty technique is widely accepted as the gold standard; however, it is often associated with significant postoperative pain, prolonged rehabilitation, and the risk of metal bar displacement.

In this scientific study, we analyzed the clinical symptoms observed at the early stage of diabetic polyneuropathy and evaluated the effectiveness of therapeutic measures based on modern standards in 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During the study, disturbances of superficial and deep sensitivity, neuropathic pain, tendon reflexes, and their changes were investigated. The article assesses the possibility of identifying early signs of polyneuropathy based on the examination of tendon reflexes, superficial, and deep sensations. In addition, the effectiveness of the applied treatment measures was analyzed.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, particularly among children and adolescents in high-burden countries. Although anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy is effective, it is frequently associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which may compromise treatment adherence, therapeutic outcomes, and quality of life. This study aims to analyze the spectrum, frequency, risk factors, and clinical consequences of adverse events associated with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in children and adolescents

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains one of the most significant challenges in global tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among people living with HIV (PLHIV). HIV infection dramatically increases the risk of reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. This article presents a comprehensive review and analytical assessment of the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, preventive therapy, and public health implications of LTBI in HIV-infected individuals. Special attention is given to immunological mechanisms underlying reactivation, limitations of tuberculin skin testing (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) in immunocompromised populations, and current WHO recommendations for tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). The study highlights the urgent need for improved diagnostic tools, integrated TB-HIV programs, and personalized preventive approaches to reduce TB incidence among PLHIV. Strengthening LTBI screening and preventive treatment strategies remains critical to achieving global TB elimination goals

Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum L.) is a promising medicinal plant with pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to analyze current data on the phytochemical composition of the plant and the molecular mechanisms of action of its biologically active compounds. The effects of anise hyssop are attributed to phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and essential oil components, which neutralize free radicals, modulate NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways, suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, and promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Berberine is a high-value benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with significant therapeutic potential in treating metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Due to the ecological impact of harvesting wild Berberis species, in vitro biotechnological production offers a sustainable alternative. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of five cultivation systems—callus, cell suspension, adventitious roots, temporary immersion systems (TIS), and Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy roots—using Berberis vulgaris and Berberis oblonga as models. Our findings indicate that hairy root cultures achieve the highest berberine yield (up to 45 mg/g DW), while TIS provides the most efficient platform for biomass intensification. A detailed protocol for A. rhizogenes transformation and a comparative technological matrix are provided to guide industrial-scale implementation.

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the relationship between obesity and arterial blood pressure. The paper analyzes the impact of overweight and obesity on blood pressure, the mechanisms underlying the development of obesity, various factors contributing to hypertension, and the biological mechanisms involved (including changes occurring in the heart and blood vessels in obesity.In addition, methods for identifying and assessing obesity and overweight, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and modern treatment methods are also examined.To further investigate the relationship between obesity and arterial blood pressure, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 100 patients. Their blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and other relevant indicators were measured and compared.

The article presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of methods for preventing recurrence of inguinal hernias in operated patients. Clinical risk factors, surgical features, and the results of applying the standardized postoperative management protocol are analyzed. The study included 412 patients aged 25 to 75 who underwent surgery between 2020 and 2024. It has been shown that adherence to a comprehensive preventive strategy reduces the recurrence rate from 8.7% to 2.3%. Key components of prevention are highlighted, and recommendations for improving outcomes are presented.

The main complications arising during the treatment of intra-articular fractures, their frequency, causes, and prevention methods were studied. An analysis of clinical cases revealed that the most common complications are infections, nonunion, arthrofibrosis, and post-traumatic arthrosis. Modern preventive approaches are proposed, including optimal choice of fixation method, early functional therapy, and infection prevention. The obtained results allow for improved treatment outcomes and a reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications.

The aim of this study was to evaluate current diagnostic and treatment methods for musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs), their effectiveness, and practical significance. Clinical cases, diagnostic algorithms, and treatment approaches used in the trauma department of a multidisciplinary hospital were analyzed. It was found that the implementation of imaging technologies, early functional rehabilitation, and a multidisciplinary approach contribute to improved outcomes. The study results are summarized and practical recommendations are proposed.

This article presents the results of a study examining optimal surgical approaches for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The frequency, causes of complications, and effectiveness of various surgical strategies are analyzed using clinical data from the trauma surgery department. It is demonstrated that the use of modern diagnostic methods, early intervention, and standardized treatment algorithms can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. Recommendations for optimizing surgical care are provided.

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, an analysis of the assortment of antiprotozoal drugs registered in the country was conducted based on the data from the State Registers of authorized medicinal products, medical devices, and medical technology: 2021  No. 25, 2022 No. 26, 2023 No. 27, 2024 No. 28, and 2025 No. 29, as well as information from DRUG AUDIT. The analysis of the registration of antiprotozoal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Uzbekistan indicates that the production of local, highly effective antiprotozoal drugs in various pharmaceutical forms is currently very relevant and promising.

This article briefly discusses the causes of the disease, the process of its spread around the world, and measures to prevent it. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, which was first identified in Wuhan at the end of 2019. Subsequently, the disease spread rapidly throughout the world and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Information is provided about the transmission of the virus from person to person, mainly through airborne droplets, symptoms of the disease (fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc.), as well as severe complications. In addition, effective methods of protection are highlighted - observing personal hygiene, wearing a mask, maintaining social distance, and the importance of vaccination. This topic is of great importance in improving health culture, preventing infectious diseases, and strengthening public health.

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases of the oral cavity worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods are based on clinical examination and radiographic assessment, which usually detect already advanced defects. Modern research is focused on identifying sensitive and specific salivary biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prediction of caries progression. In the present study, the levels of biomarkers such as lactoferrin, alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and a group of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-8) were evaluated in 300 patients from different age groups. It was found that increased levels of specific salivary biomarkers correlated with the activity of the carious process (p<0.05). The obtained data suggest that salivary biomarkers can be considered a promising tool for screening and monitoring dental caries at early stages

Metabolically associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) reflects the association of fatty liver disease with obesity and metabolic disorders. An experiment on rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity demonstrated the development of pathological changes ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis. Morphological examination revealed macrovesicular steatosis in more than 5% of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, and signs of moderate fibrosis. Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes was also noted. The obtained results reproduce the key structural and morphological features of MASLD. This experimental model can be used for further pathogenetic and therapeutic studies.

This article evaluates the analgesic properties of the ethyl acetate fraction isolated from the plant P. Kudryashovii using three pain models: the “hot plate,” “acetic acid-induced writhing,” and “acetylcholine-induced writhing” tests. The fraction was administered orally to animals in doses ranging from 1.0 to 200.0 mg/kg and compared with the reference drug ketoprofen. The results demonstrated that the fraction exhibits both central and peripheral analgesic effects.