MODERN ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS

Аннотация:

Among the various forms of manifestation of ICD, the most common are kidney stones, which account for about 50% of clinical cases. Elimination of the cause of urinary stones has not been resolved, while the provision that the removal of the stone should be a necessary part of comprehensive treatment remains mandatory.  Which, in turn, contributes to stone formation. Treatment of nephrolithiasis has two main directions. One of them involves various methods of removing urinary stones – these are symptomatic treatments for ICD. The second direction includes methods of treating urolithiasis itself, taking into account its diverse etiological factors and complex pathogenesis. Conservative treatment is possible in the presence of risk factors for stone formation with a preventive purpose in crystalluria and stone excretion. Surgical treatment of ICD is a very difficult task. The high traumatism of traditional surgical interventions was a prerequisite for the search for new methods of removing stones. Until the end of the 70s of the XX century, the main method of treating patients with urolithiasis was open surgery. Minimally invasive operations in cases of intraoperative complications end with traditional surgical interventions. A wide variety of new methods for the treatment of nephrolithiasis: external shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), contact lithotripsy (CLT), percutaneous nephrolitholapaxis (PNL) pushed into the background open methods of treatment of ICD.