Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

In recent years, measles has been recorded as a rather alarming situation that leaves serious complications in the future, and monitoring the implementation of serious preventive measures against this disease by medical personnel is of great importance. It is also worth noting that preventive vaccination to prevent the disease is the main criterion for preventing serious complications from this disease. To achieve this, it is very important that all children receive a two-dose preventive vaccination.

Fifty pregnant women aged 18 to 36 years diagnosed with gestational pyelonephritis were enrolled in the study. Of these, 20 patients presented with acute primary pyelonephritis in either the serous or purulent inflammatory stages, while 30 were diagnosed with chronic pyelonephritis, either in remission or experiencing disease exacerbation. In cases of acute pyelonephritis, urinary tract obstruction and impaired urine drainage were common complications, which required a range of medical interventions. Specifically, ureteral catheterization was carried out in 21 cases, ureteral stents were placed in 6 patients, percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in 3, one patient underwent nephrostomy with infection source decontamination, and another required nephrectomy.

The Tricardion capsule is a phytotherapeutic formulation developed using extracts of three medicinal plants: Leonurus turcestanicus, Mentha × piperita (commonly referred to as peppermint), and Crataegus sanguinea Pall. (hawthorn). These plants are native to Central Asia and are widely found in various regions of Uzbekistan. Each species has a long-standing history in traditional medicine and is known for its cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. This review aims to summarize the botanical characteristics, phytochemical compositions, and pharmacological effects of the three plants. The potential synergistic benefits of combining these botanical ingredients into a single capsule are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on their cardiovascular applications, which form the basis for the development of the Tricardion capsule. The article draws from regional and international scientific literature, including studies conducted by Uzbek researchers. The findings support the scientific rationale for using these plants in combination for the prevention and management of cardiovascular conditions.

We examined 75 patients who had suffered an ischemic stroke and exhibited cognitive impairments. Patients were categorized into three groups: those with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and moderate cognitive impairment (MoCI). Cognitive function was assessed using MMSE, MOCA, FAB, the “10 words” test, the Schulte test, and cognitive evoked potentials (P300). The results showed varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction depending on the severity group, with the most significant changes seen in the MoCI group.

Myocardial infarction (MI) has traditionally been considered a disease of the elderly. However, recent studies reveal a significant increase in the incidence of MI in young individuals (under 45 years of age), which requires close attention to the characteristics of its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review aims to identify specific risk factors, genetic features, clinical manifestations, and functional impairments that contribute to the development of MI in young patients.

An analysis of the use of various surgical methods in the treatment of hemorrhoids was conducted. The effectiveness of these methods, both individually and in combination, was evaluated in 85 patients. The indications, clinical effectiveness and disadvantages of minimally invasive surgical methods were analyzed. It was determined that a differential approach to the choice of minimally invasive surgical methods is necessary depending on the clinical picture of the disease (form, stage, presence of inflammatory changes and bleeding).

This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved, those that remain unresolved, and future research directions. For the hepatitis A virus, we will address epidemiology, molecular surveillance, new susceptible populations, as well as environmental and food detections; for the hepatitis B virus, we will discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine. Viral hepatitis, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, is a significant public health issue and a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality. As for the hepatitis D virus, we describe diagnostic methodology, pathogenesis, and therapy; for the hepatitis E virus, we will discuss epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, vaccine development, and environmental surveillance; and for the hepatitis C virus, we will concentrate on pathogenesis, immunological response, direct action antiviral treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation, problems associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, direct action antiviral resistance due to selection of resistance-associated variants and vaccination.

This article discusses the causes and types of inflammation in the oral mucosa, the fact that this disease can occur at any age, and describes the simplest treatment methods.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a significant risk factor for stroke. According to the literature, TIAs occur in 40-50% of stroke patients. Often, TIAs go unnoticed by both patients and healthcare providers, varying in clinical severity. Patients with a history of TIA frequently present with arterial stenosis, cardiac pathologies, and TIA can be caused by phenomena such as vascular steal syndrome, microembolization, vascular spasm, or hypercoagulation. The hemodynamic mechanism of ischemic stroke and TIA is crucial in cases of severe carotid artery stenosis and internal carotid artery occlusion. Additionally, there is a need to develop a differentiated approach to managing patients based on the etiopathogenetic structure of the disease and stroke prevention strategies. According to the literature, almost all patients who have experienced TIAs report multiple episodes, often disregarding the transient neurological deficit. This results in a stereotypical pattern of TIA occurrence. Early diagnosis of TIA, clarification of its causes and mechanisms of cerebrovascular decompensation, and well-founded, targeted treatment can prevent severe complications in high cardiovascular risk patients and serve as a significant preventive measure.

Hyperbilirubinemia in newborns is a complex clinical and biochemical syndrome caused by multifactorial disorders of bilirubin metabolism in the early postnatal period. The modern understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition is based on the integration of fundamental knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of formation, transport, conjugation, and elimination of bilirubin.

Mandibular fractures represent one of the most common injuries of the maxillofacial region, accounting for 70% to 85% of all facial skeleton fractures according to various studies. The high frequency of this pathology is due to the anatomical features of the mandible, its mobility, and its prominent position in the facial skeleton, which makes it vulnerable to various traumatic impacts. The social significance of the problem is determined by the predominant affliction of working-age individuals (20-40 years), which leads to significant economic losses associated with temporary disability and treatment costs.

The process of educating foreign students in medical universities is characterized by multifactorial specificity, caused not only by general problems of academic and sociocultural adaptation but also by the peculiarities of medical education, including high intensity of academic workload, the need to master professional terminology in a non-native language, early interaction with patients in a foreign language environment, as well as ethical and deontological aspects of the medical profession that have culturally determined specificity. Together, these factors create a significant psycho-emotional burden on foreign students, potentially reducing the effectiveness of the educational process and negatively affecting the formation of professional competencies of future doctors.

Elevated serum homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) represent a significant risk factor for fetal developmental disorders during pregnancy. High concentrations of homocysteine exert a toxic effect on the vascular endothelium, lead to impaired placental circulation, increase the risk of thrombophilic complications, and can cause neural tube defects, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and even pregnancy loss. This article discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia's effect on embryogenesis, the clinical consequences for the fetus, and current methods for diagnosing and correcting this condition, including the use of folic acid, B vitamins, and anticoagulant therapy, with an emphasis on data from the last five years.

This article presents a review of the pharmacological properties of the "Diuren" herbal diuretic blend, developed based on local plants of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Recent studies on its toxicological safety, diuretic effect, influence on sodium-potassium balance, and anti-inflammatory potential are discussed. A scientific analysis confirming the efficacy and safety of "Diuren" as a promising herbal medicine is provided

In this article, you can find out about the causes, prevention and treatment methods of congenital dislocation of the hip joint in children, how it is treated in folk medicine.

Evolutionary anatomy studies change in the human body structure that have arisen as a result of natural selection and adaptation to the environment. This article analyzes key anatomical adaptations such as bipedalism, reduction of vestigial organs, and brain development. Methods of comparative anatomy, paleontology, and genetics are considered. The results demonstrate the relationship between anatomical changes and species survival. The article emphasizes the importance of an evolutionary approach to understanding modern medical problems.

In medicine, medical images in the field of radiology play a crucial role. The accuracy and high quality of medical images are very important for physicians in making a precise diagnosis for the patient. This work describes the processing, storage, transformation of medical images, conversion from analog to digital formats, and technologies used in the field of radiology.

Implantation is an important part of modern medicine, especially in the field of orthopedics and dentistry. However, the negative impact of implants on periimplant tissues remains a significant problem. The purpose of this study is to consider preventive measures to reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases and implant rejection. The article discusses the main methods of prevention, the role of biocompatibility of materials, as well as the importance of microbiological control and early diagnosis. Based on global data and statistics, as well as the Republic of Uzbekistan, the impact of preventive measures on improving the condition of tissues around implants is analyzed.

In studying the ecology of mountain plants, we examine the unique adaptations that define these mountain environments, ecological interactions, and conservation challenges. By understanding the complex relationships between mountain plants and their surroundings, we can gain deeper insight into the resilience and diversity of these remarkable botanical wonders. 

It is known that natural preparations are multicomponent and have a wider spectrum of action than synthetic preparations. At the same time, the toxicity of natural preparations is less than that of synthetic ones. Screening studies have shown that the solution of anjabor tablets does not have a local irritant effect and does not have acute toxic properties. Based on this, we studied the local irritant effect of the liquid extract of geranium on experimental models.

The article describes the results of the development of the composition and technology of capsules based on the substances metronidazole, drotaverine and furadonin for the treatment of urological diseases. The choice of excipients included in the capsules is based on the compatibility of the components with the physicochemical and technological properties of the substance, the form of nutrition and the areas of application of the drug.

В статье представлен систематический анализ современных рестриктивных бариатрических вмешательств, применяемых в лечении морбидного ожирения. На основе обзора актуальных данных литературы проведена оценка эффективности и безопасности различных методик, включая лапароскопическую слив-резекцию желудка (LSG), регулируемое бандажирование желудка (LAGB) и гастропликацию. Определены основные показания и противопоказания к каждому виду вмешательства, проанализированы краткосрочные и долгосрочные результаты, а также специфические осложнения.

In modern dental implantology, improving the quality of the abutment–gingiva interface is of great importance. Proper surface treatment of the abutment–gingival junction helps create a strong and biologically compatible connection with the gingiva, which ensures the long-term success of the implant and prevents inflammation of the surrounding soft tissues. An ideal abutment–gingiva interface is crucial not only for mechanical stability but also for maintaining the aesthetic and functional condition of the soft tissues. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the influence of various surface treatment methods on this interface is necessary. Today, mechanical, chemical, and plasma surface treatment methods are widely used. However, comparative studies evaluating their effectiveness remain insufficient. This study is of practical relevance in the field of implantology and prosthetic dentistry, aiming to improve the quality of the abutment–gingiva interface and thus enhance the longevity of dental implants. The results of the comparative evaluation will assist dental professionals in selecting appropriate abutment treatment methods, helping to preserve the integrity of the gingiva and surrounding soft tissues, reduce infectious complications, and achieve superior aesthetic outcomes.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with a global prevalence ranging from 8% to 13%, depending on diagnostic criteria. It is a multifactorial condition associated with hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition.

To evaluate the effectiveness and predictive value of a monophasic oral preparation containing micronized gestodene and ethinylestradiol in the treatment of COVID-19-associated menstrual-ovarian dysfunction in women of different reproductive ages.

This study evaluated the prognostic significance of hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, AMH), immunological (VEGF, TGF-β, and IGF-1), and ultrasonographic (ovarian volume, antral follicle count, endometrial thickness) parameters in fertility restoration among women of late reproductive age with diminished ovarian reserve. Based on ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of these markers were determined, providing a scientific foundation for the development of an individualized reproductive prediction model.

Children with Autism is at increased risk for oral health problems, including dental caries, due to a combination of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral factors. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fissure sealants in preventing caries development in the permanent teeth of children with Autism. A clinical trial was conducted on a selected group of children aged 6–12 years, divided into two cohorts: one receiving fissure sealant treatment and a control group without sealant application. Over a 12-month period, both groups were monitored for caries incidence through regular dental examinations. The results demonstrated a significantly lower occurrence of new carious lesions in the group treated with fissure sealants, confirming their preventive efficacy. The study highlights the importance of preventive dental care, particularly the use of sealants, in improving the oral health and quality of life of children with Autism.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new multicomponent protocol for treating fractures of the nasal zygomatic orbital complex (NZOC) by integrating 3D-printed artificial bone implants, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes, minimally invasive surgical approaches, and elastography for objective structural assessment. A total of 197 patients (aged 18-65) with confirmed NCOC fractures were included in the study from 2014 to 2024 across three institutions. Inclusion criteria were a Karnofsky index≥70%, absence of severe systemic comorbidities, and patient consent. All patients underwent computer tomography (MSCT) and 3D reconstruction to determine fracture characteristics. In the study group, custom 3D-printed osteoconductive implants were placed along with titanium mini-plates and PRF membranes, using endoscopic-assisted repositioning for orbital floor and naso-orbital support

The article discusses innovative approaches to the development of physical fitness in the context of training specialists in operative surgery and topographic anatomy (OSTA). Modern technologies such as virtual reality, simulation platforms, wearable sensors and gamification methods that improve the accuracy, endurance and stress resistance of surgeons are analyzed. The impact of these innovations on the quality of professional training, safety and effectiveness of surgical interventions is emphasized. Recommendations are presented for the implementation of new technologies in the educational process and professional practice to improve the level of training of OSTA specialists.

The accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical challenge, particularly in cases requiring surgical intervention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of microbiological examination of surgical specimens in confirming TB diagnosis. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on samples collected from patients undergoing pulmonary surgery due to suspected or confirmed TB. The microbiological methods employed included Ziehl-Neelsen staining, culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium, and molecular diagnostics. Results demonstrated a significant correlation between microbiological findings and histopathological confirmation, underscoring the diagnostic value of surgical materials in complex or unclear TB cases. These findings highlight the importance of integrating microbiological analysis of surgical specimens into the diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in smear-negative or extrapulmonary manifestations.

The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple, non-invasive assessment tool used to evaluate functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigates the prognostic significance of 6MWT performance in predicting disease progression, hospitalizations, and mortality among COPD patients. A cohort of individuals with moderate to severe COPD was evaluated using the 6MWT, and outcomes were tracked over a defined follow-up period. Results indicated that a lower 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was significantly associated with increased risk of exacerbations, reduced quality of life, and higher mortality. These findings support the use of the 6MWT as a valuable predictor of clinical outcomes and as a practical tool for risk stratification in routine COPD management.

Drugs called diuretics are used to treat and control edematous and non-edematous medical disorders. One class of medications is diuretics. This exercise examines the uses, side effects, and indications of diuretics as a useful treatment for heart failure, hypertension, ascites, and other conditions as appropriate. In order to help members of the interprofessional team treat patients with heart failure and related conditions, this activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, and other important factors (such as off-label uses, dosing, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, and pertinent interactions). Since diuretics are among the most widely given medications and, despite their effectiveness, are frequently used to treat patients who are at a significant risk of problems, it is crucial to comprehend and value their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (see Keller and Hann's recent review).

Hypothyroidism, and the exact presence of thyroid hormone in the blood in low concentrations leads to the fact that the metabolism in the body gets out of control, as a result of which pathological changes of varying degrees develop. Hypothyroidism is caused by several factors: injuries of a gland, tumors or cystic diseases, disorders of the pituitary-hypothalamic system, defects in the development of the gland, surgical interventions errors, long-term use of antithyroid drugs, etc. The situation with hypothyroidism is common among population, and the deficiency is common in our region. This article describes the morphometric changes in the knee system in early ontogenesis, which was obtained in the study of offspring born from a mother with experimental hypothyroidism during pregnancy. The model of experimental hypothyroidism and the results of the early study show morphofunctional changes in the elements of the knee joint and the generation of this disease.

Reactive arthritis is an aseptic inflammation affecting the joints, occurring simultaneously or following a non-articular infection (such as nasopharyngeal, intestinal, or urogenital infections). It is characterized by asymmetric involvement of the joints, tendons, mucous membranes, skin, nails, lymph nodes, and systemic reactions. Reactive arthritis can appear in both children and adults, with varying clinical manifestations. This clinical case presents a patient diagnosed with reactive arthritis against the background of connective tissue dysplasia, highlighting diagnostic challenges and management approaches in such complex cases.

определить влияние социально-демографических факторов на формирование приверженности к антиретровирусной терапии (АРВТ) у ВИЧ-инфицированных детей в Республике Узбекистан.

O’zbekistonda yetishtirilgan anissimon tojgul (Lophanthus anisatus Benth.)  tarkibidagi suvda eruvchan polisaxaridlar (4%), pektin moddalari (6%) va gemitsellyulozalar (8,3%) mavjudligi ilk bor o’rganildi. Asosiy monosaxaridlar glyukoza, galaktoza, arabinoza va ksilozadir. Biopolimerlarning monosaxarid tarkibining xususiyatlari ularning nordon polisaxaridlar ekanligini ko'rsatdi. Spirtli ajratmalardagi xromatografik tahlil natijalariga ko'ra fruktoza aniqlandi. Ajratib olingan polisaxaridlar IQ spektroskopiyasi yordamida tahlil qilindi. Polisaxaridlarning IQ spektrlarini tahlil qilish murakkab efir guruhlari, metallar va glikozid bog'larining turi haqida ma’lumot beradi.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory disease of the joints, characterized by erosive symmetrical polyarthritis in combination with systemic immune-inflammatory damage to internal organs. One of the most severe and widespread inflammatory diseases of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease, occurring in all countries in approximately 1% of the total population. New data have shown that respiratory viral infections may increase the risk of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, infections may worsen the disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Лютеин фазаси етишмовчилигида ёрдамчи репродуктив технологиялар циклларида қўлланилаётган замонавий гестоген терапия усулларини, уларнинг самарадорлигини, фармакокинетик хусусиятларини ва клиник аҳамиятини таҳлил қилиш.

Бачадон миомасининг патогенезида иштирок этувчи замонавий молекуляр механизмларни, генетик ва эпигенетик ўзгаришларни ҳамда уларга асосланган биомаркерлар ва инновацион биотехнологик даволаш усулларини таҳлил қилиш.

Currently, the concept of "probiotic" includes groups of live non-pathogenic microorganisms that are essential for the intestinal microbiota of a healthy person or animal. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties of SAB are currently expanding the selection of probiotics. There is a long history of data on antimicrobial metabolites synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LABs), which have been used to prepare lactic acid products. Information on low molecular weight antimicrobial substances that are the main or by-products of lactic acid fermentation is summarized. SAB fungicides and bacteriocins are reviewed in relation to their use as food preservatives. The properties and classification of bacteriocins depend on their synthesis and mechanism of action. The main promising areas of application of antimicrobial metabolites of SABs in industry and medicine are presented.

Stress has many faces in its manifestations. It can trigger the onset of almost any disease. In the modern world, the problem of stress affecting the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the gastric mucosa, is relevant, contributing to the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease. Stress ulcer is one of the most common forms of stress–induced mucosal disease, which poses a serious threat to the development of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. This condition is registered in about 60% of patients who have been undergoing ventilation for a long time, and 25% of them have bleeding. The problem of a detailed study of approaches to the treatment and prevention of this pathology is extremely relevant.