Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

This article analyzes the role of military leaders in the system of state governance of the Turkic Khaganate, as well as their place in the political, military, and administrative structure, based on scientific sources. It examines the activities of representatives of the military aristocracy within the governance system, particularly highlighting the functions of positions such as yabghu, shad, and tarkhan. The research results demonstrate that the system of state governance in the Turkic Khaganate was closely interconnected with its military structure

This study investigates the integration of motivational strategies with problem-based learning (PBL), gamification, and digital pedagogy to enhance students’ creative engagement in higher education. Drawing on established motivational theories, including those proposed by Lev Vygotsky and Edward Deci, the research explores how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be effectively aligned with innovative teaching methodologies. A quasi-experimental design was employed involving two groups of undergraduate students: a control group exposed to traditional instruction and an experimental group taught through an integrated model combining PBL, gamified elements, and digital tools. The findings indicate a statistically significant improvement in students’ creative thinking, engagement, and problem-solving abilities in the experimental group. The study concludes that the synergy between motivation strategies and digital pedagogical approaches creates a dynamic learning environment that fosters higher-order thinking skills and learner autonomy

The work of modern artists and artists working in the new fine arts of Uzbekistan, their artistic works, compositional solutions, painting styles and aesthetic principles are analyzed on a scientific basis. The main objects of the study are portrait, landscape, household and decorative-applied art.

This study presents the results of the development and standardization of a tablet dosage form intended for sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) based on wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) pollen. The key quality attributes of the formulation were evaluated, including total nitrogen content as an indirect indicator of the protein fraction, solubility, dosage uniformity, and stability. The findings demonstrated that the total nitrogen content was 0.145%, confirming the presence of biologically active protein components. The tablets exhibited satisfactory solubility and met the requirements for dosage uniformity at a mass of 0.3 g. Stability studies showed that the main quality parameters remained unchanged throughout the observation period. The obtained results indicate the potential of the developed dosage form and support its further standardization.

The article examines the phenomenon of speech etiquette in modern society, characterized by digitalization, globalization, and intercultural interaction. The study analyzes traditional norms of speech behavior, their transformation in online communication, and the challenges of preserving speech culture among young people. Special attention is paid to issues of verbal politeness, linguistic norms, and communicative responsibility. The article concludes that the development of speech culture is an essential component of an individual’s social competence.

COVID-19 pandemic substantially altered both the epidemiological landscape of tuberculosis and the functioning of TB control programs by disrupting the key stages of care delivery, from case detection to treatment initiation. This review summarizes evidence on the impact of the pandemic on case notifications, mortality, laboratory diagnostics, patient pathways, and the organization of TB services across different countries and regions. The analysis demonstrates that the pandemic period was associated with a decline in reported TB cases, increased mortality, reduced coverage of treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis, and prolonged diagnostic delays. Particular attention is given to digital technologies, which are considered one of the main adaptive responses to the organizational challenges posed by the pandemic. The review examines the potential of telemedicine, video-supported treatment, mobile applications, and chatbots to maintain continuity of care, support early case detection, and optimize patient routing. The findings suggest that the post-pandemic transformation of TB services should focus on strengthening health system resilience, advancing patient-centered models of care, and integrating digital solutions into routine TB practice.

This scientific article analyzes, from a scientific and pedagogical perspective, the stages and mechanisms for forming subject-related competencies in students based on the MRT (material–visual–symbolic) approach. The study explores the theoretical foundations of the MRT approach, its relationship with cognitive development, its application in the educational process, and its practical effectiveness based on scholarly sources. It also highlights the significance of the MRT model in the step-by-step formation of students’ knowledge and the mechanisms for integrating it with a competence-based approach.

This article analyzes the problems encountered in women's wardrobes, the negative impact of the fast fashion trend, and the formation of an effective wardrobe based on the concept of capsule clothing. Based on the survey results, consumer habits, needs, and problems in choosing clothing were studied, and recommendations for designing a capsule wardrobe were developed. In the scientific literature, the concept of a capsule wardrobe is interpreted as a system based on creating maximum combinations through minimal clothing. Researchers consider this approach as an important part of the concept of sustainable fashion. Modern research widely covers the negative environmental and social impact of fast fashion. The necessity of forming a conscious shopping culture among consumers was also emphasized. In response to these problems, the concept of a capsule wardrobe provides not only a way to simplify personal style, but also an opportunity to make a more conscious contribution to sustainable development. Information was collected on attitudes, knowledge, and approaches to designing a capsule collection for middle-aged women, its historical development, analysis of approaches to the development of capsule collections of Uzbek brands, the essence of planning the assortment of clothing in a capsule collection in modern and future fashion, studying consumer demand, and its use. A capsule wardrobe is a collection of interconnected, versatile, and limited clothing.

TThis article analyzes, based on scientific sources, the modern role of the KPI (Key Performance Indicators) system in evaluating personnel performance, as well as the criteria and methodological foundations for assessing labor productivity. The study highlights the theoretical essence of the KPI system, its integration with strategic management, its role in improving employee efficiency, and the advantages of international best practices in its implementation. In addition, the article examines the criteria that ensure objectivity, transparency, and effectiveness in the implementation of the KPI system. The research findings demonstrate that the KPI system is of significant importance as an effective tool for monitoring, motivation, and managerial decision-making in human resource management.

This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant activity of plant-derived extracts and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)-based formulations using the DPPH assay. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases, which has led to increased interest in antioxidant-rich formulations. However, many plant-derived bioactive compounds suffer from poor solubility and limited bioavailability, restricting their therapeutic potential.

This article examines derivational processes functioning in the word-formation system of the modern Internet space. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Internet discourse as a specific communicative environment that contributes to the active development of new word-formation models. The main methods of forming new lexical units are identified, including affixation, borrowing, abbreviation, and compounding, and their role in shaping the modern linguistic space is determined. The influence of Internet communication on the dynamics of language changes, speech expressiveness, and the expansion of vocabulary is emphasized. It is concluded that Internet discourse is an important factor in the development of the modern language word-formation system.

This article is devoted to the issue of designing interactive graphic organizers in the context of a digital educational environment for teaching the Russian language. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the need to improve the effectiveness of learning educational material through the introduction of visual-digital tools that ensure the activation of students’ cognitive activity. The paper clarifies the content of the concept of “interactive graphic organizer,” reveals its didactic functions and potential in language teaching. The author proposes a design model that includes analytical, design, technological, implementation, and evaluation stages. Particular attention is paid to the principles of developing organizers, such as visibility, structure, interactivity, and adaptability. The article presents examples of the practical application of interactive graphic organizers in studying various sections of the Russian language, including vocabulary, grammar, and text. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of their use in the educational process are identified. The research results can be applied in the practice of teaching the Russian language in the context of digitalization of education.

The historicаl roots of the аncient pаttern аnd cаrpet аrt of Uzbekistаn аnd their аrtistic chаrаcteristics аre scientificаlly аnаlyzed. Uzbek folk аpplied аrt hаs been formed over the centuries аnd hаs mаnifested itself аs а unique culturаl phenomenon thаt embodies the аesthetic views, spirituаl worldview аnd lifestyle of the people. The pаttern аnd ornаment system initiаlly аrose on the bаsis of аncient Eаstern culture, primitive pictoriаl signs аnd symbolic expressions, аnd lаter turned into а complex compositionаl аnd аrtistic system. In аddition, the process of formаtion of аncient Uzbek cаrpet weаving, its regionаl schools аnd their unique decorаtive system аre studied. In pаrticulаr, cаrpet sаmples creаted in the regions of Bukhаrа, Khivа, Surkhаndаryа аnd Sаmаrkаnd аre аnаlyzed in terms of their compositionаl structure, color hаrmony аnd symbolic meаning. The formаl аnd substаntive feаtures of Islаmic, girih, аnd geometric ornаments on cаrpets аre reveаled.

This article discusses the issues of activating students’ cognitive learning activity in mathematics lessons in general secondary schools. The importance of using modern pedagogical technologies, interactive methods, and problem-based learning in enhancing students’ cognitive engagement is substantiated. During the study, experimental work was conducted and the results were analyzed using pedagogical and statistical methods. The findings indicate an increase in students’ academic achievement, development of independent thinking skills, and growing interest in mathematics.

This аrticle аnаliyzes historicаl monuments аnd their role in clothing design. The reseаrch studies the influence of nаtionаl аnd world аrchitekturаl exаmples on modern clothing design in terms of form, decorаtion, color аnd compositionаl solutions. In pаrticulаr, it scientificаlly substаntiаtes how pаtterns, ornаments, аrchitecturаl elements аnd their symbolic meаnings in historicаl monuments аre reflected in clothing design. The аrticle аlso discusses the issues of preserving nаtionаl identity, developing аesthetic tаste аnd forming innovаtive ideаs by designersthrough the use of historicаl heritаge. The results of the reseаrch show thаt clothing creаted on the bаsis of historicаl monuments is not only of аesthetic vаlue, but аlso аn importаnt yool for promoting culturаl heritаge.