GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACOKINETICS
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Abstract:
Women are underrepresented in many clinical trials and gender-specific analyzes are rare. Gender differences in metabolism (phases I and II) are thought to be the main reason for the different pharmacokinetics between men and women. Many CYP450 enzymes (phase I metabolism) show gender differences in activity. Most of the phase II enzymes have higher activity in men than in women. The activity of these enzymes can also change during pregnancy and with the use of oral contraceptives. Gender differences are also found in other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. Despite these differences between men and women, there are no gender-specific dosing recommendations for most drugs. Therefore, if a woman constantly experiences less therapeutic effect or more side effects from the drug, it may be necessary to change her dosage regimen.
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