СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВЗГЛЯДЫ НА ДИАГНОСТИКУ И ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГРЫЖ ПИЩЕВОДНОГО ОТВЕРСТИЯ ДИАФРАГМЫ
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Abstract:
В данной статье представлен комплексный анализ современных подходов к диагностике и хирургическому лечению грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД) на основе данных литературы за последние 10 лет. Рассмотрены актуальные аспекты эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенеза заболевания, включая роль генетических, анатомических и физиологических факторов. Особое внимание уделено современным методам диагностики, включая высокоразрешающую манометрию, импедансометрию и функциональную МРТ, позволяющим оценивать как анатомические, так и функциональные параметры.
Проанализированы показания к хирургическому лечению и современные хирургические методики, включая лапароскопическую фундопликацию, роботизированную хирургию и эндоскопические методы. Представлены данные об эффективности различных типов фундопликации и методов пластики пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы. Рассмотрены особенности послеоперационного ведения пациентов с акцентом на протоколы ускоренного восстановления и персонализированные подходы к реабилитации.
Обсуждаются перспективные направления исследований, включая разработку новых методов профилактики рецидивов, оптимизацию хирургических техник ГПОД.
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