UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Аннотация:

This article examines the fundamental grammatical categories that form the structural basis of the English language. The annotation outlines the main theoretical approaches to classifying parts of speech, including traditional grammar, structural linguistics, and modern functional-semantic models. The study highlights how English parts of speech are identified through a combination of semantic, morphological, and syntactic criteria, and it explains the challenges that arise from the analytical nature of English, which has limited inflectional morphology. Special attention is given to the distinction between major (open-class) categories such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, and minor (closed-class) categories such as prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, and pronouns. The annotation also discusses debates in modern linguistics regarding borderline categories, conversion, and the flexibility of word classes in contemporary English usage. This theme serves as an essential theoretical foundation for understanding English grammar, language description, and linguistic analysis in both academic and practical contexts.