FROM FRANKENSTEIN TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MARY SHELLEY’S LEGACY IN AMERICAN LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF AI

Abstrak:

This paper examines the enduring influence of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) on the portrayal of artificial intelligence (AI) in American literature. Through comparative analysis, it explores ethical frameworks established by Shelley and how later American authors extend these questions to modern AI debates. Shelley's depiction of Victor Frankenstein's scientific ambition and its consequences anticipates modern anxieties surrounding AI development. This paper traces how American authors such as Isaac Asimov and William Gibson build upon Shelley's ethical foundations to address the complexities of AI autonomy, moral responsibility, and posthumanism. Through a detailed literary analysis, it argues that Shelley’s Frankenstein serves as a foundational narrative influencing contemporary concerns about the moral and social implications of AI.