Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences

Lung damage usually develops against the background of a long course of rheumatoid arthritis, when manifestations of polyserositis develop: pleuritis, pericarditis, which have a favourable prognosis in most cases. In some cases, patients have changes characteristic of interstitial pneumonia (pneumonitis): dyspnoea, intrusive cough, at first dry and then moist, an abundance of fine bubbling and crepitating wheezes. Autoimmune mechanisms play a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. In response to nonspecific antigenic influence there is activation of immunocompetent cells of pulmonary interstitium.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a complex condition characterized by the backward flow of refluxate into the esophagus. Despite its prevalence and frequent clinical diagnosis, the pathogenesis of GERD is multifaceted. Many patients continue to experience persistent symptoms of GERD even after extended treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for acid suppression. The development of GERD involves a dynamic interaction of chemical, mechanical, psychological, and neurological factors, all of which influence symptom manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Consequently, GERD should be considered a condition that extends beyond simple acid reflux. This review will explore the key contributors to GERD pathogenesis, including aspects related to the refluxate, esophageal defense mechanisms, and factors that facilitate pathological reflux into the esophagus. Additionally, this paper will discuss recent therapeutic advancements and highlight potential future research directions in the management of GERD.

Cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart muscle. At the second stage of the disease, progressive changes are observed, including myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and energy metabolism disorders. This article discusses the mechanisms of cardiomyopathy development in DM stage 2, the effect of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory processes on the myocardium, as well as modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, including drug and non-drug approaches.

Systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes known as SLE, is a type of autoimmune illness that can express itself in a dizzying array of different ways in patients. Atherosclerosis and the conditions that result from it are the leading causes of late mortality in people who have complications from SLE. Traditional risk factors, the presence of specific risk factors, the duration of the course, the use of glucocorticoids (GC), the presence of autoantibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies all create conditions that accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in this group of patients. The research that is now available suggests that established risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be revised in order to take into consideration the beneficial effect of antimalarial medications as well as the unfavorable prognostic effect of prolonged use of GC.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a widely used minimally invasive surgical technique, particularly in elderly patients. However, the necessity of carboxypneumoperitoneum and mechanical ventilation introduces significant hemodynamic and respiratory challenges. This study compares the effects of combined multimodal anesthesia (epidural block with mechanical ventilation) and traditional total intravenous anesthesia with mechanical ventilation in elderly patients (aged 60–74). By analyzing intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic stability, respiratory function, and pain management outcomes, this study aims to identify the optimal anesthetic approach to improve patient safety and recovery.

Advances in laparoscopic technology have significantly improved surgical outcomes by reducing operative trauma, enhancing recovery speed, and minimizing postoperative complications. These benefits are particularly crucial for elderly patients, who often have multiple comorbidities affecting perioperative management. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common minimally invasive procedure, but in elderly patients, it presents challenges due to intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations caused by pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning. This study aims to compare the effects of combined multimodal anesthesia (CMA) incorporating epidural block with mechanical ventilation versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on hemodynamic stability in elderly patients. The research analyzes intraoperative cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output, as well as postoperative recovery markers.

In this article, the selection of solvents for obtaining a dry extract from raw materials of Leonurus Turkestanicus    herb, as well as the development of methods for analyzing the extract. Development of TLC analysis method to determine the authenticity, determination of the amount of flavonoids in the composition.

In this article, when obtaining a dry extract from the raw material of the yantak (camel thorn) plant, widespread in the regions of Uzbekistan, extractants were introduced, the amount of dry extract was determined, chemical qualitative reactions were carried out and the amount of rutin content was determined. When determining authenticity by TLC, mixtures of organic solvents (system) were selected and the display value Rf = 0.56 ± 0.02 in 30% acetic acid.

This comprehensive observational cohort study meticulously evaluated the effectiveness and safety associated with the combination therapy of adalimumab and methotrexate in individuals diagnosed with the debilitating condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The participants in this investigation were systematically categorized into three distinct groups, each receiving different treatment regimens. The findings revealed that the synergistic combination of adalimumab and methotrexate demonstrated a statistically significant superiority over methotrexate used as a standalone treatment in achieving clinically meaningful responses, specifically measured by ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70, during a rigorous nine-month treatment period. In this context, Group IB, which was administered a higher dosage of methotrexate, displayed marginally improved rates of clinical improvement compared to Group IA; however, it is worth noting that the difference between these two groups did not reach statistical significance.

The article presents the results of the study of the technological properties of the recommended tablet masses «Sitmet» and «Enformin». The studies examined such technological properties as fractional composition, flowability, bulk density, angle of natural deviation, residual moisture, compression ratio, and compressibility.

In this article we have collected information about joint diseases and some of their types. Among them, we have focused on gonoarthrosis. We have also covered the occurrence of this disease and its treatment methods in modern and folk methods.

This study, based on our own research and recent literature sources, investigates the risk factors influencing the development and progression of nephropathies (genetic, teratogenic, environmental). Timely identification of these factors and adherence to simple preventive measures (diet, fluid regimen, maintaining a favorable microclimate, eliminating infectious, toxic, and allergic influences, and correcting dysmetabolism) can prevent complications such as interstitial nephritis (IN), urolithiasis (UL), secondary dysmetabolism (SDM), and secondary pyelonephritis. Environmental factors contributing to the manifestation of pathology in children with metabolic disorders include seasonal climate changes—adaptation to low and high temperatures, dietary errors, emotional and physical overloads, membranopathies, and intercurrent diseases. It has been established that the presence of hidden diathesis in a child from a family with a predisposition to certain diseases (family history, hereditary burden index) can be determined using biochemical, immunological, and functional tests. A scheme for preventive and metafilactic measures for nephropathies in uric acid diathesis has been developed.

Acyclovir is an antiviral agent. It is characterized by direct action against the virus. It is used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for various types of herpes infection. It has pronounced, selective activity against viruses: Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, Varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus. The action is aimed at both treatment (the likelihood of new elements, visceral complications is reduced, crusts form faster, pain in shingles is reduced) and prevention of relapses. Acyclovir is a structural analogue of purine nucleosides (normal DNA components). Selective antiherpetic activity is due to the affinity for thymidine kinase of certain viruses, under the influence of which and other enzymes it is activated (converts to acyclovir triphosphate) and prevents the reproduction of viruses.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in Uzbekistan. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of IHD risk factors, including socio-economic, behavioral, medical, and environmental aspects. Based on the analysis of more than 30 scientific articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, as well as studies by Uzbek, Russian, and foreign authors, current trends are examined, key problems are identified, and strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of IHD in Uzbekistan are proposed.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among children and adolescents, who are more vulnerable to severe disease forms and long-term complications. Modern approaches to TB prevention emphasize early diagnosis, vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and strengthened public health strategies. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine remains a cornerstone of pediatric TB prevention, but advancements in diagnostic technologies and the development of new vaccine candidates are enhancing protection. Additionally, targeted screening programs and preventive therapy for high-risk populations are proving effective in reducing TB incidence. This article reviews contemporary preventive strategies, highlights innovative interventions, and underscores the importance of global collaboration in eradicating childhood TB.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a significant global health challenge, contributing to the persistence of active tuberculosis (TB) cases. Early and accurate detection of LTBI is essential for effective TB control strategies, yet current diagnostic methods face substantial limitations. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used, but both exhibit variable sensitivity, specificity, and logistical constraints, particularly in low-resource settings. Moreover, distinguishing LTBI from active TB and determining the risk of progression to active disease remains an ongoing issue. This article reviews the current diagnostic landscape for LTBI, highlights existing gaps, and explores emerging technologies with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving global TB prevention efforts and achieving the goals outlined in the End TB Strategy.

Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid profiles, is frequently observed in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This condition has gained attention due to its potential impact on the progression of COPD and its association with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms linking dyslipidemia to COPD are multifactorial, involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in lipid metabolism. These changes may exacerbate the underlying pulmonary pathology and contribute to the higher cardiovascular risk seen in COPD patients. This review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical significance, and potential therapeutic strategies to address dyslipidemia in the context of COPD. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early detection, monitoring of lipid profiles, and the role of lipid-modifying agents in improving patient outcomes.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains a cornerstone in the global strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly in regions with high TB prevalence. Despite its widespread use, several challenges and complications associated with BCG vaccination have emerged, affecting its efficacy and safety. These include variations in vaccine strain, differences in immunogenic response, and adverse reactions ranging from mild local reactions to more severe, albeit rare, systemic complications. The effectiveness of BCG in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis and its potential role in protecting against other diseases such as bladder cancer and leprosy have sparked ongoing debate. This review explores the key issues surrounding BCG vaccination, including its historical background, current challenges in its application, and the management of associated complications. Special attention is given to the risks and benefits of the vaccine in immunocompromised populations, as well as the global implications for TB control efforts.

Diseases of the circulatory system, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, represent a significant public health concern, accounting for nearly 47% of all mortality in Uzbekistan. These conditions not only impact individual health but also impose substantial social and economic burdens. This study aims to evaluate the social and hygienic significance of diseases of the circulatory system and analyze the current organization of cardiological medical care in Uzbekistan, with a focus on accessibility and preventive strategies.

Family doctors play a crucial role in the primary healthcare system by providing accessible and comprehensive medical services. In Uzbekistan, enhancing the efficiency of family doctors is essential for improving public health outcomes. This article explores key strategies to optimize the activities of family doctors in primary healthcare institutions in Uzbekistan, addressing challenges such as medical training, workload distribution, and integration of digital health technologies. By implementing targeted policy reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and patient-centered approaches, Uzbekistan can enhance the effectiveness of its primary healthcare system.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a significant global health challenge, posing serious threats to public health and complicating disease control efforts. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has limited the effectiveness of standard treatment regimens, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches and comprehensive management strategies. This article explores the current landscape of DR-TB treatment, highlighting recent advancements in pharmacological therapies, the role of individualized treatment protocols, and the importance of patient-centered care. Additionally, it addresses key barriers to successful treatment outcomes, including delayed diagnosis, treatment adherence issues, and healthcare infrastructure limitations. The article concludes with recommendations for strengthening global TB programs, accelerating research efforts, and enhancing access to innovative treatments to improve patient outcomes and reduce TB transmission.

The increasing prevalence of arterial hypertension among adolescents highlights the need for healthcare professionals to develop specialized skills in managing this condition. Simulation-based training offers an effective educational tool to enhance clinical competence among nursing students.

The safety assessment аchillea filipendulina flowers, a new anti - ulcer, diuretic and hemostatic medicinal product, was carried out based on the content of biological contaminants – aflatoxins. High-performance liquid chromatography with massspectrometric detection aflatoxins В1, В2, G1 and G2 revealed only one aflatoxins out of four known aflatoxins B1. It was found that its content in аchillea filipendulina flowers is 0.00042 ± 0.00001 mcg/kg, which fully meets the requirements (no more than 0.005 mcg/kg) and indicates the safety of the studied raw materials.

This article analyzes the negative impacts of climate change on various ecosystems. It is shown that increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, species migration, and the spread of new diseases pose significant threats to ecosystems. In particular, these impacts are explained with specific examples such as the loss of polar bear habitat, the disruption of food chains due to drought, and the destruction of coral reefs. The article emphasizes that climate change is a serious threat to the stability of global ecosystems and emphasizes the need to take effective measures to address these problems.

The article analyzes data on the general, seasonal and sexual activity of the terrestrial mollusk Xeropicta candaharica. As a result of studying the activity of this species of mollusk in natural and laboratory conditions, the following was determined. The general activity of X. candaharica mollusks in the spring period was observed at air temperatures from +5^oC to +23^oC and relative humidity from 45% to 100%, sexual activity was observed at air temperatures from +5^oC to +19^oC, relative humidity from 55% to 95%, and the egg-laying process was observed at air temperatures from +1^oC to +21^oC, relative humidity from 63% to 90%. The development period of eggs in the natural environment lasted 11-16 days and depended on air temperature. At an average daily air temperature of +12^oC, the eggs developed for 15-16 days, and at +14^oC for 11-13 days. In laboratory conditions, at an average daily air temperature of +15.5^oC, the eggs developed for 18-20 days.

The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of β-blockers in pregnant women with arterial hypertension (AH) and tachycardia (heart rate>90 min\b). For an objective assessment of the effect of the drug on the cardiovascular system during pregnancy, modern methods were used, such as Holter ECG monitoring and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring.

This paper examines the role of electronic medical information (EMI) in modern healthcare, as well as security issues related to its use. EMR includes patient health data stored in digital format, which provides improved access to information, reduced errors, and simplified data exchange between medical institutions. However, using EMR is also associated with risks such as data leakage, cyber attacks, and misuse of information.

This study investigates the surgical treatment of bladder exstrophy (BE) in 64 newborns and infants. Researchers compared one-stage cystosphincterourethroplasty with a staged approach starting with cystosphincteroplasty followed by urethroplasty. The staged correction group (18 patients) showed significantly better results, with fewer recurrences of exstrophy and epispadias compared to the one-stage group (46 patients), where recurrence was observed in a notable percentage. The study concludes that a staged surgical approach is the preferred method for treating BE in newborns and infants, leading to more favorable outcomes, except in specific cases for girls.

In our work, we described the results of our study on the reactivity of the restructuring of intrahepatic bile ducts in case of bile outflow disorder.

The component composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Salvia sclarea L. leaves, harvested in July 2024 from botanically verified plants during the flowering period in the Bostanlyk district of Tashkent region, was studied. Using GC-MS analysis, 43 compounds were identified in the essential oil, accounting for 95.4% of the total oil content. It was found that the total content of monoterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes in the obtained oil was 9.04% and 31.6%, respectively, while sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes accounted for 3.75% and 7.7%, respectively.

The article contains the results of the content of the definition of zerology and environmental-valine dedication of the Achillea filipendulina in Uzbekistan. Based on the literature and floristic catalog of the central herbarium of Uzbekistan, the significance of the plant in the economy of nature and its role in plant landscapes is shown. Metro -habitat, participation in the cover of Xerophilic wood and shrub vegetation (Xerodenelre and Xerothamna), mountain deciduous forests, mesophilic warehouse (Arceuthondendra) and high -mountain or Subalpian meadows (Cryomesopoia) are installed. For the rational use of Achillea filipendulina in 2023-2024.

This article discusses acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) in children, a serious condition involving purulent inflammation of bone marrow and surrounding tissues. It details the challenges in early diagnosis and the importance of timely treatment to prevent complications. The article covers etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment principles. Key aspects include the significance of early surgical intervention, rational anti-inflammatory therapy, and addressing antibiotic-resistant microorganisms to improve outcomes in pediatric patients.

The paper presents a technology for producing Idenol tablets based on dry extracts of raspberry leaves, currant leaves, licorice root and rose hips. The excipients used were 70% ethyl alcohol as a binding component, MCC as a filler and anti-hygroscopic agent, and sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant to improve tablet disintegration. In this scientific work, a wet granulation method was used with a combination of several methods. The resulting tablets were tested for compliance with the required parameters, and the most suitable composition was selecte.

Endocrine diseases in school-age children have become a significant public health concern due to their long-term implications on growth, development, and overall well-being. Factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, nutritional imbalances, and lifestyle choices contribute to the increasing prevalence of endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiencies. Effective prevention strategies include early screening programs, public health initiatives promoting healthy nutrition and physical activity, and increasing awareness among parents and educators. This paper explores the key risk factors associated with endocrine diseases in children and examines preventive measures based on recent research and policy recommendations.

The article provides data on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and preventive measures to reduce this pathology. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children has become a critical public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and air pollution. However, recent studies have shown that the initial manifestations of these diseases observed as early as childhood and their progression during adolescence and young adulthood leads to disability and death at a young, working age.

55 pregnant women with anemia and their children participated in the study. 20 pregnant women without anemia took part in the study as a control group.The structure of morbidity and severity of anemia of pregnant women and its consequences for fetal development and early adaptation of a newborn were investigated.The morbidity structure, the severity of anemia and the influence of mothers’ anemia to the fetuses and newborns were revealed.Iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women aggravates the course of the gestational process, causes a number of complications in childbirth and the postpartum period, affects the development of fetal and newborn pathology.It is shown that iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is a polyethological disease with a complex pathogenesis, accompanied byiron-and folate-deficient conditions and an imbalance of the most important trace elements.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide for several decades. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver pathology, is considered a risk factor (RF) for the development of coronary heart disease and a predictor of an unfavourable prognosis. Our study aims to compare cardiometabolic parameters in patients with CHD with and without NAFLD. The study prospectively included 85 patients with CHD, 61 with NAFLD (group I) and 24 without NAFLD (group II). In both groups, a comparative analysis of RF, anthropometric parameters, lipidogram, glycemic profile, and heart structural and geometric parameters according to echocardiography (EchoCG) and coronary calcium parameters was performed. It was found that patients with CHD and NAFLD had statistically significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, insulin, structural parameters of the heart and coronary calcium. Thus, the relationship between NAFLD and CHD is two-way, and liver diseases can exacerbate the course of cardiovascular diseases.

This article provides a more detailed discussion of the causes of Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension. Nowadays, these diseases are increasingly common, especially among people over the age of 40. Various factors contribute to the onset and progression of Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension, including age, genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and both mental and physical stress.

This article provides information on medicinal plants used in the treatment and prevention of diabetes, as well as the remedies, formulations, biological active substances, and their technologies derived from these plants. During the research, dozens of local medicinal plant species and their specific characteristics, the properties of their formulations, indications for use, the beneficial properties of medicinal plants and formulations in the treatment of diabetes, and the results of studies on their technological properties are presented.

Diagnosis of the genesis of vertigo is currently one of the most difficult tasks of medicine due to the large number of pathologies with this syndrome that are diverse in genesis. The article presents a review of the literature of recent years on the prevalence, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of vestibulopathies of central and peripheral genesis.