Central Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies

  Ijrochi qurrilmalar— bu mashina yoki tizimning bir qismi bo‘lib, mexanizm yoki tizimni harakatlantiradi yoki boshqaradi.U  boshqaruv tizimi atrof-muhitga qanday ta’sir qilishini ta’minlovchi mexanizmdir. Ijrochi qurilma boshqaruv signalini va energiya manbasini talab qiladi. Boshqaruv signali qabul qilinganida, ijrochi qurilma energiyani mexanik harakatga aylantirib javob beradi.Boshqaruv tizimi oddiy (doimiy mexanik yoki elektron tizim), dasturiy ta’minotga asoslangan , inson yoki boshqa har qanday kirish bo‘lishi mumkin.  Ijrochi qurilmalar IoT tizimlarida muhim o‘rin egallaydi, chunki ular turli sensorlar tomonidan olingan ma’lumotlarga asoslanib, jismoniy dunyoda harakatlarni amalga oshiradi. Masalan, aqlli uy tizimlarida chiroqlarni yoqish va o‘chirish, isitish va sovutish tizimlarini boshqarish, xavfsizlik kameralarini harakatlantirish kabi funksiyalarni bajaradi.

Ushbu maqolada Masofaviy ta’lim va uni tashkil etish asoslari haqida aytib o‘tilgan. Masofaviy ta’lim jarayonlari haqida batafsil to‘xtalib o‘tilgan. Bundan tashqari masofaviy ta’lim va uni tashkil etish asoslari haqida xulosa bilan yakunlangan.

Stress plays a significant role in various aspects of human physiology, including the functioning of the digestive system. The rectum, an important part of this system, is affected by stress, which can lead to morphofunctional changes. This abstract discusses the effects of stress on the morphological and functional aspects of the rectum, including changes in its structure, peristalsis, secretion, and related factors. Both negative and compensatory adaptive responses to stress are considered, as well as possible ways to correct these changes in order to maintain intestinal health.

Маскур мақолада бандлиги таъминланмаган ёшлар ўртасида ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси тушунчалари, мақсад ва вазифалари, бандлиги таъминланмаган ёшларниниг жамият хаётидаги ахамияти, бандлиги таъминланмаган ёшлар ўртасида ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикасига оид норматив-ҳуқуқий нормалар тахлили ва уларни қўллаш амалиёти.

Рассмотрены виды виктимологической профилактики; проанализирована законодательная база, на которую она опирается; определена роль общественных организаций в этой сфере; выделены обязанности инспектора профилактики по снижению виктимности населения. Сделан вывод, что правовые нормы по виктимологической профилактике содержатся в разных источниках, и это затрудняет их применение. Даны рекомендации по подготовке системы мер виктимологической профилактики и соответствующих законопроектов.

Ushbu маqolada voyaga yetmaganlar o‘rtasida nazoratsizlik va huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasini amalga oshirish faoliyatining tushunchasi, voyaga yetmaganlar o‘rtasida nazoratsizlik va huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasining turlari, chora- tadbirlari, bu chora- tadbirlarni tashkil etish tartibi,  bugungi kundagi xolati va voyaga yetmaganlar o‘rtasida huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasini tashkil etishning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlar, bundan tashkari voyaga yetmaganlar o‘rtasida nazoratsizlik va huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasini tartibga soluvchi huquqiy asoslar, voyaga yetmaganlar bilan  ishlashning amaliyoti tahlili va ularga nisbatan ko‘llaniladigan chora-tadbirlar, huquqbuzarlik sodir etgan voyaga yetmaganlar bilan ishlashdagi muammo va kamchiliklar, shuningdek ayrim turdagi  mavjud muammo va kamchiliklarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha bir kator takliflar, voyaga yetmaganlar o‘rtasida nazoratsizlik va huquqbuzarliklar profilaktikasi faoliyati buyicha boshka xorijiy davlatlarning ilg‘or xorijiy tajribasi xamda milliy konunchiligimizdan farkli va o‘xshash  tomonlari, shuningdek, yukorida keltirib o‘tilgan jixatlardan foydalangan xolda ushbu faoliyatni takomillashtirish yunalishlari yoritilgan.  

Dutor cholg‘usi Markaziy Osiyoda keng tarqalgan cholg‘u  hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada dutorlarlar oilasi va ularning ijro uslublari haqida ma’lumot berilgan.

Musiqiy cholg‘ular juda qadimiy rivojlanish tarixiga ega. Arxeologik izlanishlar, musiqiy cholg‘ular uzoq o‘tmishda mavjud bo‘lgani va turli xalqlar o‘rtasida muloqot vositasi bo‘lganligini isbotlaydi. O‘zbek xalq cholg‘ulari haqidagi bebaho ma’lumotlar A.Eyxgorn, V.Bertels, A.Boldirev, B.Riftin, A.Semyonov, R.Sadokov, T.Viz-go, O.Malkeyevalarning tadqiqotlarida o‘z aksini topgan. Ushbu maqolada qadimgi davr musiqa cholg‘ulari haqida hamda zarbli cholg‘ularimiz ijrochilik uslublari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Dutor sozi o‘zbek xalqining musiqiy madaniyati bilan tarixan chambarchas bog‘liq san’at ramzi hisoblanadi. Dutor haqidagi dastlabki ma‘lumotlarni bizga Mavlono Zaynulobiddin al-Husayniyning Alisher Navoiyga bag’ishlagan. “Musiqiy ilm va amaliyot qonini” risolasida uchratamiz. Ushbu maqolada dutor cholg‘usining oilalari haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta’limda mediasavodxonlikni kelib chiqishi, qo‘llash hususiyatlari ishlab chiqildi. Media texnologiyasining asosiy maqsadi, ta’limda axborotni yaratish, nusxalashtirish, tarqatish vositasi hamda mualliflar va ommaviy auditoriya o‘rtasida axborot almashinuvining texnik vositalari jarayonini faollashtirish hisoblanadi.

Статья посвящена использованию игровых техник в преподавании иностранного языка. Рассматривается, как игры способствуют повышению мотивации студентов, активизации когнитивных процессов и улучшению языковых навыков. Игровые методики, такие как ролевые игры, квесты и обучающие приложения, помогают учащимся развивать коммуникативные способности, улучшать грамматические и лексические навыки, а также погружаться в культурный контекст языка. В статье также обсуждается роль игровых техник в развитии межкультурной компетенции и личностных качеств студентов.

Мақолада замонавий корхонанинг омбор бўлимининг асосий функциялари кўриб чиқилади. Омборнинг самарали ишлашини таъминлаш учун логистика бўлимида қўлланиладиган мақсадлар, вазифалар ва усуллар батафсил таҳлил қилинади. Омбор жараёнларини оптималлаштириш, харажатларни камайтириш ва мижозларга хизмат кўрсатиш сифатини оширишга алоҳида эътибор қаратилмоқда.

Мирзачўл табиий географик ўлкаси қорин оёқли моллюскаларнинг эколого-таксономик таркиби, тарқалиши, биологияси ва уларда борадиган ўзгарувчанлик жараёнлари, ҳамда хўжалик  аҳамияти ўрганилган. Қориноёқли моллюскаларнинг  ҳар бирини ўзига хос  биологик хусусиятлари очиб берилган.

Ushbu maqolada bugungi kunda ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi axborotlar, global axborot oqimlari va ularni taxlil qilish algoritmlari, bu boradagi tadqiqotlar va ularning samaralari o‘rganilgan. So’ngi vaqtlardagi samaraliy algoritmlar keltirilgan va ulardan foydalanish tartibi ko’rsatilgan.

Mazkur maqolada keramika asosidagi polietilen plyonkalarning xususiyatlari, ularni ishlab chiqarish  texnologiyasi haqida so’z yuritilgan. O’zbekiston va turli mamlakat OTMlaridan turli sohalarda funksional keramikadan foydalanganliklari o’rganilgan. Qishloq xo’jaligi mahsulotlarini quyosh quritgichlarida polietilen plyonkalar va keramika-polietilen plyonkalar yordamida quritilganliklari taqqoslanib, shu orqali keramikaning noyob xususiyatlari o’rganilgan.

Ushbu maqolada bugungi kun iqtisodiyotni raqamlashtirish, bu borada olib borilayotgan olib borilayotgan tadqiqotlar, iqtisodiyotning aniq sohasi bo’yicha kompyuterlashtirish ishlari, iqtisodiy tahlillar, bu boradagi raqamli ma’lumotlar bilan ishlash masalalari o’rganilgan.

Badiiy asarda obrazlar talqin va tahlil qilinar ekan, qahramon ruhiyati, ichki kechinmalari, o‘quvchining ichki olamiga ta’siri qay darajada ekanligi tadqiqotchi uchun muhimdir.  Abduqayum Yo‘ldoshev qissalardagi  obrazlar inson hissiyotlarni tozalaydi, bugungi qissachilikda  uchraydigan va uchramaydigan xususiyatlari bilan o‘rganilshga sabab bo‘ladi. Ushbu maqolada ijodkorning turli yillarda yozilgan “Yurakdagi iz”, “ Sunbulaning ilk shanbasi” “Yulduzlik”ning shafqatsiz tovoni”, qissalaridagi obrazlar tahlil qilinishi bilan bir qatorda adabiyotshunoslikdagi obraz atamasi va o‘zbek nasri sentimentalizm yo‘nalishidagi asar va asardagi qahramonlar haqida tadqiqot olib borilgan.

мақола кўп йиллик олиб борилган тадқиқотлар натижасига асосланган бўлиб, Мирзачўлда Hygramiidaе оиласидан Leucozonella, Xeropicta, Angiomphalia қуруқлик  моллюскаларнинг ареали ва популяциядаги зичлиги, биотоплар ва худудлар бўйича тарқалиши илмий асослаб берилган. Мирзачўл табиий географик ўлкаси қорин оёқли моллюскаларнинг эколого-таксономик таркиби, тарқалиши, биологияси ва уларда борадиган ўзгарувчанлик жараёнлари, ҳамда хўжалик  аҳамияти ўрганилган. Қориноёқли моллюскаларнинг  ҳар бирини ўзига хос  биологик хусусиятлари очиб берилган.

In this article, the malacofauna of the Gissar reservoir and the Ilonli gorge of the Gissar ridge and the diversity of species (after the family Buliminidae) were studied. 5 subfamilies, 12 genera and 38 species are represented, constituting 22.22% of the malacofauna.

Ushbu maqola Mirzo Ulugʻbek “Toʻrt ulus tarixi” asarining yozilish tarixi, ushbu asarda olamning yaratilishidan tortib, Amir Temurning hokimiyat tepasiga kelguniga qadar bo’lgan davrni o’z ichiga olganligi, bundan tashqari asarda asosan Chigʻatoy ulusi tarixiga oidligi, koʻplab tadqiqotchilar oʻz asarlarini yozishda “Toʻrt ulus tarixi” asaridan manba sifatida foydalanganligi haqida ayrim fikr-mulohazalarni o’z ichiga oladi

Mazkur maqolada bo‘lajak Ingliz tili o‘qituvchilarda tarjimonlik etikasi va mas‘uliyatini shakllantirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritilgan. Tarjima jarayonida axloqiy me‘yorlarga rioya qilish va mas‘uliyatni anglash o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy rivojlanishi uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada tarjimonlik jarayonida halollik, haqqoniylik, konfidensiallik kabi tamoyillar, shuningdek, madaniyatlararo kommunikatsiya jarayonida etik muammolarni hal qilish yondashuvlari tahlil qilingan. Etik tamoyillarni shakllantirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar va trening dasturlari taklif etilgan.

The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), a language teaching approach that emphasizes listening, speaking, and repetition, has proven effective in various educational contexts, including with young learners. This article explores the application of the ALM in teaching children, highlighting its benefits in enhancing oral skills, boosting learner confidence, and providing a structured, engaging learning environment. The method’s core techniques—such as drills, dialogues, substitution exercises, and role-plays—are discussed in relation to young learners' developmental needs. While the ALM offers substantial advantages, including the promotion of language fluency and structure, its limitations, such as its potential monotony and overemphasis on correctness, are also considered. The article concludes that, with proper adaptation, the Audio-Lingual Method can be an effective and enjoyable tool for teaching young learners.

Mazkur maqolada yashil iqtisodiyotning ekologik va ijtimoiy shart-sharoitlarini o’rganish va uning mamlakatimiz iqtisodiyotida qanday o’rin egallashini tahlil qilishga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Yashil iqtisodiyot atamasi ekologik xavflarni kamaytirishga va atrof-muhitni buzmasdan barqaror rivojlanishni ta’minlashga qaratilgan iqtisodiy model sifatida ko’rsatiladi. Mamlakatimizda yashil iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirishda ekologik va ijtimoiy jihatlar, tabiiy resurslarning samarali va barqaror ishlatilishi, shuningdek, yangi iqtisodiy modelga o’tish zarurati ta’kidlanadi. Maqolada ekologik omilni iqtisodiy rivojlanish ko'rsatkichlari tizimiga kiritish zarurati, an’anaviy iqtisodiy ko’rsatkichlar bilan ekologik ta’sirning hisobga olinmasligi natijasida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo’lgan salbiy oqibatlar, shuningdek, barqaror rivojlanish va yashil iqtisodiyotga o’tishning istiqbollari yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqola Samarqand viloyati misolida qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlarini saqlash va soqit qilish xizmatlarini takomillashtirish masalalarini tahlil qiladi. Unda mahsulotlarning yo‘qotilishini kamaytirish va sifatini uzoq muddat davomida saqlash uchun zamonaviy saqlash texnologiyalari va logistika tizimining ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqotda, shuningdek, davlat va xususiy sektor o‘rtasidagi hamkorlikni rivojlantirish, ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash, yangi texnologiyalarni qo‘llash va infratuzilmani mustahkamlash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Maqolada viloyatning o‘ziga xos sharoitlariga moslashtirilgan usullar asosida mahsulotlar sifatini saqlash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.

This study examines the role of linguistic identity in shaping social cohesion, individual identity, and cultural integration in multicultural societies. Drawing on case studies from diverse multilingual communities, the research explores how language functions as both a unifying and divisive force. It highlights the tensions between linguistic diversity and national identity, emphasizing the need for inclusive language policies to foster harmony. The findings underscore the importance of preserving linguistic heritage while promoting intergroup communication and mutual respect.

This article explores how grammatical structures develop over time as it examines the function of grammar in language transformation. Through an examination of syntactic, morphological, and phonological changes, it demonstrates how grammar both influences and reflects linguistic evolution. Based on sociolinguistic and historical evidence, the paper makes the case that grammar actively contributes to language evolution rather than being a passive system. The results demonstrate that grammatical changes are impacted by both external and internal linguistic mechanisms, such as social effects and language contact, as well as internal linguistic mechanisms like simplification and analogy.

Paxta tozalash zavodlarida jinlash davomida toladan ajratilgan chigitlar yirik qum, xas-cho‘plar, metall parchalari va mayda toshlar bilan ifloslanadi. Bundan tashqari puch va etilmagan chigitlar bo’ladi. Ayniqsa mashinada terilgan paxtaning chigitida ko’p iflosliklar uchraydi. Shu sabali chigitni linterlashdan oldin u yaxshilab tozalanadi. Bu esa lintning iflosligini kamaytiradi. Maqolada begona aralashmalarning tola va momiq sifatiga tasiri haqida so‘z yuritilgan.

dystopian literature has developed into a potent prism that helps understand social concerns and political intricacies. The evolution of the genre is examined in this study, which also considers the profound social criticism found in contemporary stories, as well as new and repeating themes. This study highlights the subtle variations in dystopian representations across countries and ideologies by synthesizing ideas from various literary settings. The method emphasizes how multifaceted the research is and recognizes how literature and social reality can benefit from one another. When combined, the findings show how the genre may be utilized to both reflect and critique contemporary social issues.

Psychoanalysis is one of the modern theories that are used in English literature. It is a theory that is regarded as a theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality that guides psychoanalysis. It is known that the closet connection between literature and psychoanalysis has always been deployed by the academic field of literary criticism or literary theory. The goal of psychoanalysis was to show that behavior which was caused by the interaction between unconscious and unconsciousness.

This article explores the intricate and dynamic relationship between culture and identity, arguing that they are mutually constitutive and constantly evolving. We examine how culture provides the framework for individual and collective identity formation, influencing beliefs, values, behaviors, and self-perception. Conversely, we analyze how individual and collective actions and choices shape and reshape cultural norms and practices. The interplay between these forces is explored through various theoretical lenses, highlighting the complexities of identity negotiation in a globalized world characterized by increasing cultural exchange and hybridization. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding this dynamic relationship for fostering intercultural understanding and promoting social cohesion

The linguistic development of internet slang is studied in this essay, with particular attention paid to its genesis, composition, and cultural relevance in digital communication. Innovation and flexibility in language use are reflected in internet slang, which has been influenced by online communication and technology developments. The essay emphasizes important elements like acronyms, abbreviations, and semantic changes, highlighting how they promote productivity, comedy, and a sense of community. Through the study's progression from early chatrooms to contemporary social media, slang's dynamic character and influence on cultural trends and generational communication are highlighted. Additionally, it talks on the difficulties and consequences of internet slang for linguistic diversity and intergenerational comprehension.

This article explores how cross-cultural contacts impact topics, narrative styles, and character development in order to analyze the important role that intercultural communication has played in forming global literature. In order to heal divisions and promote empathy for people around the world, the essay offers a thorough examination of the ways that literature both reflects and fosters cultural diversity. The essay places intercultural communication in the literary setting and talks about how technology and globalization make it easier for people from different cultures to share ideas and beliefs. It makes the case that literature is a potent medium for fostering harmony and understanding since writers and readers combine aspects from many cultural contexts into their works

This study examines the ways in which digital media shapes language evolution, with particular attention to multimodal expressions, communication patterns, and dictionary development. Expert interviews, content analysis, and surveys were used to get the data. The findings demonstrate how the introduction of new lexicons, modifications to syntax, and promotion of visual communication through memes and emojis on digital platforms drastically alter linguistic norms. The results encourage more research into digital media's long-term effects on literacy and communication by highlighting its innovative and disruptive effects on conventional language structures. These results imply that digital media is essential to the evolution of linguistic conventions and usage. Consequently, it results in a breach of our original language.

Postcolonial literature offers a critical forum for reexamining colonialism's effects and analyzing the past using historical and memory perspectives. The purpose of memory and history in postcolonial writings is examined in this essay, with an emphasis on how writers employ these components to provide counter-histories, contest colonial narratives, and reclaim identities. I contend that in postcolonial contexts, memory and history—while connected and distinct—are potent instruments for resistance and healing. I address how memory and history shape the postcolonial subject and how they counteract the ways in which history has been misrepresented or neglected, using examples from significant postcolonial works, including those by writers like Salman Rushdie, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, and Chinua Achebe.

Postcolonial literature, memory, history, colonialism, identity, counter-history, resistance.

 Mazkur maqolada Markaziy Osiyo davlatlarining Turkiya Respublikasi o‘rtasida madaniyat sohasida va ta’lim sohasidagi aloqalar  hamkorlik haqida firk yuritilingan. Shuningdek, Respublikalarning diplomatik aloqalari, madaniy tadbirlar, oliy o‘quv yurtlar va Turkiya o‘rtasidagi madaniyat tadbirlari va ta’lim sohasidagi yangillik va hamkorliklar haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

The substantial impact of contemporary media on language use is explored in this article, with particular attention paid to how it affects vocabulary, grammar, syntax, and communication styles in general. We investigate how different media platforms, such as streaming services, social media, and online news, influence the development and breakdown of formal language norms. The research takes into account how sociolinguistic issues, technical developments, and the ensuing linguistic changes seen in modern communication interact.

В статье представлены результаты исследования по извлечению золота и серебра  в процессе цианирования, где основным условием проведения экспериментов являлось доизмельчение хвостов хвостохранилища Ангренской ЗИФ. Результаты исследований показывают, что при цианировании свежих хвостов, с концентрацией цианида 0,06% в раствор переходит Au - 61,2% , Ag - 48,8%, а при доизмельчении хвостов до крупности 85% кл. - 0,074 + 0,044 мм и концентрации цианистого натрия 0,04% извлечение Au - 86 % и Ag- 82,2%.

In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to communicate in multiple languages is more valuable than ever. This article delves into the multifaceted approach to teaching foreign languages, emphasizing the importance of cultural context alongside linguistic skills. It reviews various pedagogical strategies, including task-based learning, communicative language teaching, and the integration of technology such as language apps and online resources. The article also addresses the cognitive, social, and economic benefits of bilingualism, highlighting studies that link foreign language proficiency to enhanced problem-solving skills, greater empathy, and improved career prospects. Furthermore, it considers the challenges educators face, such as diverse student backgrounds, varying levels of motivation, and resource availability, while proposing solutions to enhance engagement and effectiveness in language instruction. The aim is to equip educators with practical insights and strategies that promote successful foreign language acquisition and foster a lifelong love for language learning.

Today, modern computer technologies are used in all spheres of human activity. The training of a specialist in any field of knowledge includes at least mandatory training of users, computer literacy is becoming one of the components of the modern concept of a knowledgeable person. Therefore, today it is necessary to pay serious attention to the use of new information technology tools in teaching English.

В данной статье представлен комплексный анализ современных подходов к диагностике и хирургическому лечению грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (ГПОД) на основе данных литературы за последние 10 лет. Рассмотрены актуальные аспекты эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенеза заболевания, включая роль генетических, анатомических и физиологических факторов. Особое внимание уделено современным методам диагностики, включая высокоразрешающую манометрию, импедансометрию и функциональную МРТ, позволяющим оценивать как анатомические, так и функциональные параметры.