Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

The demand for high-quality public transport services is increasing due to the process of urbanization, i.e. the increasing role of cities in society, the increase of urban population, the emergence of new population groups and the establishment of small businesses and educational institutions,. The effective organization of the city's public transport system is of great importance for the production activities of other industrial enterprises, organizations and educational institutions in the region. The article presents analyzes and recommendations on the rational placement of bus stops in the studied area and their improvement in passenger transportation.

The aim:  Purpose of the study. Improving treatment outcomes for patients with spastic cerebral palsy of the lower extremities.

Methods. Conducting training in the form of a diagnostic and treatment complex, which included a series of tests and the use of surgical methods to take into account the severity and localization of contractures in the lower limb. Results. The introduction of one-stage multi-level surgical correction of spastic cerebral palsy of the lower extremities in children with a complex of rehabilitation treatment into treatment tactics gives good results in the postoperative period in up to 71% of cases. Conclusions. Indications for surgical treatment of patients with spastic cerebral palsy of the lower extremities were determined, taking into account the severity of the pathology. The use of one-stage multi-level surgical intervention for the correction of spastic forms of cerebral palsy of the lower extremities in children remains a priority.

The usage of authentic materials in language education has emerged as a pivotal strategy in enhancing the acquisition of a second language. This article investigates the impact of integrating authentic materials—defined as resources originally produced for native speakers, such as newspapers, songs, movies, and social media content—on the process of language learning. The findings of the research underscore the importance of authentic materials in creating a more engaging, motivating, and effective language learning environment, suggesting that their strategic use can significantly impact language acquisition.

The article is an in-depth study of the stylistic device of alliteration in the literature of two different linguistic cultures. The article examines the influence of linguistic features on the use of alliteration, its role in creating the musicality of the text, the emotional coloring of the work and the imagery of the characters. A comparative analysis of examples of alliteration from Russian and English prose is carried out, identifying similarities and differences in the ways of its application. Particular attention is paid to how alliteration is used to enhance the sonority of the text, create rhythm and emphasize key points in the work.

This article provides comments on increasing the effectiveness of digital technologies in pedagogical master classes for elementary school students. The use of digital technologies to provide pedagogical support to young personnel increases the effectiveness of the lesson and respect for the teacher.

In this article, the analysis of field leveling and compacting machines used in the preparation of land for planting seeds and the research conducted on them, the improvement of the technological work process of the leveler and the justification of its parameters, the improvement of work quality and productivity in the preparation of land for planting seeds of seeds and other crops are discussed.

Aesthetic culture plays a crucial role in the holistic development of students, encompassing their appreciation and understanding of various art forms, design principles, and cultural expressions. This scientific article provides a comprehensive review of the tools and strategies employed to enhance aesthetic culture among students. The review explores both traditional and innovative approaches, including art education, cultural immersion, digital platforms, and interdisciplinary collaborations. The findings highlight the importance of fostering aesthetic sensitivity, critical thinking, and cultural awareness among students to promote their overall development and enrich their educational experiences.

Based on the article, the fire resistance and oil impermeability of clothes for future engineers based on digital technologies were determined, and scientifically based requirements for oilmen's clothing were formed, as well as the dangerous and harmful factors that affect the comfort of special clothes were systematized, and the outer appearance of their clothes was systematized using modern programs. The methods of development of constructive and technical conditions using digital technologies effectively.

The role of tropes in the art of poetic works is studied in the article. In particular, tropes are extensively analyzed in the example of I.Yusupov's poetry.

Often during the inspection of damaged reinforced concrete buildings low strength of concrete, errors in installation and jointing of reinforcement, absence or small number of clamps, etc. were noted. As a result, the monolithic reinforced concrete frame building may collapse.

In this paper the strength of heavy and lightweight concrete under single dynamic loads, and in particular, such as may be under seismic action, has been studied. In the present work, the effect of prolonged compression of heavy cement concrete of class B15 on its strength and deformation under single dynamic loads was investigated.

This scientific article examines the current state of social and historical features that influence the professional orientation of students, with a focus on understanding the continuity of this process. The article highlights the importance of effective career guidance and explores various factors that shape students' career choices, including societal changes, cultural influences, educational systems, and individual aspirations. By analyzing the existing literature and research findings, this article aims to shed light on the complex dynamics involved in professional orientation and provide insights into strategies for enhancing career guidance programs.

The novel “The Life of Insects” by Viktor Pelevin is one of the most famous modern Russian literary figures. The author uses motifs from the insect world to allegorically describe modern society and light nature. Pelevin plays with various philosophical and metaphysical concepts, creating parallels between the world of the planet and the world of people. Through the lens of the project, the novel discusses social structures, individuality, free will, the meaning of life, and much more. Using allegories and symbolism, Pelevin provokes readers to think about individuality, the mood in society and other fundamental statements.

This article describes the history of Niżām ad-Dīn al-Shāshī's " Uṣūl al-Shāshī", its oldest manuscript and lithographic copies, as well as a detailed description of the work and its components, as well as a commentary, margin, and taliq written on it. This book, which is considered a comprehensive work written in the field of uṣūl al-fiqh, is distinguished by the fact that it has not lost its importance until our time. In the work, not only the areas related to uṣūl al-fiqh, but also the grammar and phonetics of the Arabic language are covered in detail.

Exudative otitis media is one of the most common diseases in children, the acute process becomes protracted. Among acute inflammatory diseases of the middle ear, a special place is occupied by exudative otitis media. Under the influence of various factors, it can become chronic, and also lead to hearing loss with subsequent defects in the formation of speech and intelligence of the child. Exudative otitis media in children is one of the urgent problems of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.

Intercultural communication has become increasingly important in our globalized world, where individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds regularly interact in various contexts. A crucial aspect of effective intercultural communication is understanding pragmatics - the study of how language is used in context to convey meaning. Misunderstandings in pragmatics can often lead to communication breakdowns and hinder interpersonal relationships. In this article, I will explore the challenges that arise in intercultural communication due to differences in pragmatic interpretations, and discuss strategies for navigating these challenges to promote clearer and more effective communication across cultures.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the essence of pedagogical skills and to determine which strategies and methods help teachers to improve the quality of their work, make lessons more engaging and informative. Given the latest trends in education, teachers need to learn how to apply their skills in ways that impact learning outcomes. Applied research seeks analytical implications and qualitative outcomes in creating learning environments that integrate students with pedagogical skills in the learning environment.

This article covers the legal and organizational aspects of the activities of the preventive inspector to work with minors with severe upbringing, the experience of foreign countries as well as the improvement of the system of preventive measures carried out with minors of this category.

The development of mobile technologies brings serious changes to the education system, opens new opportunities and prospects for improving the educational process. The introduction of a mobile application and educational process allows to increase the convenience of education and make it more flexible for learning. The app's innovative features, such as interactive lessons, personalized content and instant feedback, enable students to learn more effectively. Thanks to the mobile application, the student can better personalize the learning process and adapt the learning material to his needs. This also helps to develop students' independent work and self-education skills. The article highlights thoughts, ideas and suggestions regarding the improvement of the educational system based on mobile applications, which opens new horizons for education and creates better and more convenient learning prospects in the heart.

Currently, creative thinking is becoming an increasingly important skill in education, as society faces rapid changes and new challenges that require innovative approaches. Private universities play an important role in developing creative thinking for students, offering them innovative techniques and pedagogical technologies. The purpose of this article is to consider ways of using pedagogical technologies for the development of creative thinking in the case of private universities. Various methods and approaches actively used in private universities to encourage creative activity of students are considered. It also reveals the advantages of using pedagogical technologies for the development of creative thinking and their impact on the educational process.

The effect of the correct Organization of the lesson in teaching the subject of the syllable in elementary grades and the use of methods “fish skeleton”, “mental attack”. Teaching the Uzbek language to the younger generation is considered one of the most relevant. To prevent spelling mistakes in social networks, the future generation should also master the native language well.

The article discusses riddles and their genre classification, the importance of the tasks performed in teaching children to be clever, have a good memory, think, be united, and be careful through riddles.

There are many types of fabrics produced in the textile industry, and the scope of textile technology is increasing in the production and industrial use of non-woven fabrics. Needle-punched non-woven fabrics are produced for technical purposes in the automotive, aviation, shipbuilding and construction industries, in the textile industry for the production of spinning and wrapping products, and for the manufacture of clothing.

In our republic, special attention is being paid to the introduction of modern resource-saving techniques and technologies for high-quality production of fiber and cotton products. This article talks about science-based modern techniques and technologies that improve the quality of seed and fluff.

This article discusses the process of educating students, increasing the activity of students with poor academic performance in the process of transferring knowledge, data in textbooks, ensuring the catch-up of their peers, the formation of knowledge, skills, qualifications and competencies, the problems that arise in the acquisition of knowledge and the methods used to solve them. , as well as issues such as good results achieved through this will be disclosed.

The article is devoted to the study of criteria of admissibility of application of information and communication technologies in the advocate’s activity. The article examines the legal framework governing the use of ICT in law practice in the context of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in foreign countries, and proposes a set of criteria to ensure compliance with attorney-client privilege when using these technologies.

Teaching students to think creatively, developing creative abilities is one of the urgent issues of today's education. This article discusses the issues of developing students' creative thinking in the educational process, using foreign experience, evaluating students' creative thinking based on an international program.

In this article, the causes and circumstances of the crime of fraud are analyzed on the example of Andijan region, scientific analyzes are conducted on the addition of legal documents, conclusions and suggestions are given.

Cereal crops are an integral part of agriculture, as almost 90% of agricultural land is covered by cereal crops. Therefore, it is an important issue to protect grain crops from various pests and deliver them to the people as ready food. Therefore, biostimulants are widely used in agriculture to increase the yield of grain crops and fight against pests. The use of biostimulants is one of the ways to increase the productivity and stability of agricultural plants. Therefore, the main task of this article is to use biostimulants in the agriculture of the Republic of Karakalpakstan to grow high-yielding grain crops and determine the effect of biostimulants on the nutritional quality of grain crops. According to the results of the research, an effective result was achieved by applying biostimulants to grain crops in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and there was no adverse effect of biostimulants on the nutritional quality of grain crops.

In the world, it is important to carry out scientific research on the development of the scientific basis of wool preliminary processing techniques and technologies that take into account the physical and mechanical properties of coarse and fine wool. it is necessary to theoretically justify the factors affecting the natural properties of wool processing, to develop the operating modes and optimal parameters of the machine for cleaning difficult-to-separate plant compounds in wool.

The article examines the specific aspects of the qualification of crimes against family and youth in the criminal law of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This article reveals the importance of the social aspect in the formation and development of civil society, as well as its main aspects and factors.

This  article  deals  with  the  work  of  the  classic  poet  of  the Karakalpak people Berdakh. Scientific opinions are given by the authors.

The article discusses the causes of crimes and the conditions contributing to them, the term “recidivism”, criminal law recidivism, criminological recidivism, punishment in the form of imprisonment for persons who intentionally committed two or more offenses, criminological characteristics of a recidivism, in order to prevent a recidivism, convicts serving sentences should be aware of the causes and methods of commission previously committed crimes. on the problem of prevention of recidivism.

In the article, the author comprehensively analyzes the main causes and aspects of the commission of crimes by young people, in particular unorganized youth. Statistical data and views of domestic and foreign scientists have been studied. The author listed several reasons for the ineffectiveness of the reforms carried out and proposes to amend the criminal law, civil law legislation, as well as introduce a number of organizational measures.

The paper examines the impact of widespread cybercrime, among which a special type is crimes that infringe on personal information security. These types of cybercrimes carry a number of risks and threats that violate personal rights and freedom, destabilize the situation in the country, cause reputational damage, affect the course of elections, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with ensuring personal information security. In the course of the research, methods of cognition, analysis, synthesis, logic, comparative legal analysis, observation, generalization, system analysis and forecasting were widely used.

This article analyzes the issues of female suicide victimization. Also, the article examines the opinions of scientists regarding specific aspects of victimhood.

In this article, theoretical information about the importance of pragmatics in literary texts, the concept of discourse are described in detail.  Also, opinions about the important features of literary discourse are given, and the opinions of scientists in this regard are given as evidence.

Within linguistic units, metaphors are one of the most commonly used tools. The article interprets the semantic and linvoculturological features of metaphors, stationary metaphors, which are used in both Uzbek and Karakalpak.

The article outlines some of the problems that arise in the preparation of professional personnel for the industry in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in particular, in the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and ways to solve them.

The article displays pathologies of infancy based on literature data.