THE EVOLUTION OF LEXEME CODIFICATION AND DICTIONARY-MAKING

Abstrak:

This article examines the historical development, theoretical foundations, and practical significance of lexemes within the context of dictionary-making traditions from ancient civilizations to modern times. By analyzing the epistemological and semiological aspects of lexemes, the study affirms their central role as the primary naming and meaning-bearing units in any language. The research traces the progression of lexicographic traditions from early inscriptions on stone and animal hides, through Arabic, Persian, and Turkic classical dictionaries, to European lexicographic standardization following the invention of the printing press. Special attention is given to the influence of European lexicographic methods on Russian, Turkish, and Uzbek dictionary-making, particularly in the 20th century during script reforms. The article concludes that national explanatory dictionaries are essential for standardizing the orthographic, semantic, and grammatical norms of lexemes, thus serving as vital instruments in language planning and preservation.