SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MODAL WORDS IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH ACADEMIC AND SPOKEN DISCOURSE
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Background: Modality is a core linguistic category that enables speakers to express attitudes such as necessity, possibility, obligation, probability, and evaluation. In English discourse, modal words perform not only grammatical functions but also crucial pragmatic roles related to politeness, indirectness, and stance marking. Despite extensive research on modal verbs, their integrated semantic–pragmatic behavior in contemporary English discourse remains insufficiently explored.
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