MODIFICATION OF PHONEMES. COMPARATIVE PHONETICS. COMPARATIVE PHONOLOGY
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Abstract:
The article examines the linguistic phenomena related to the modification of phonemes and explores their role within comparative phonetics and comparative phonology. It provides an in-depth analysis of how phonemes change their quality and quantity under the influence of phonetic environment, stress, position, and assimilation processes in different languages. Special attention is given to major types of phoneme modification—such as assimilation, dissimilation, reduction, elision, and accommodation—and how these processes affect the pronunciation norms and sound patterns of world languages. Within the framework of comparative phonetics, the article discusses the articulatory and acoustic characteristics of sounds across languages and highlights cross-linguistic similarities and differences in consonant and vowel systems. It outlines how languages exhibit diverse patterns of voicing, aspiration, vowel length, diphthongization, and stress placement, showing how phonetic comparison helps identify universal features of human speech as well as language-specific tendencies. Through comparative analysis of phonological systems, the study demonstrates how languages contrast sounds differently, how phonological oppositions are maintained or neutralized, and how sound patterns reflect deeper typological relationships.
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