Eurasian Journal of Academic Research

In the article, radionuclides in atmospheric air, radionuclides in natural and underground water, scientific research and scientific research of foreign scientists about the sources of ionizing radiation affecting the human body from medical diagnostic tools and the metrological basis of radiometric determination. Also, the metrological basis of radiometric determination, the results of studies with radionuclides in atmospheric air and natural and underground water are presented. From the analysis of the scientific research works studied by the scientists, the information on measuring the level of alpha and beta radiation in the atmospheric air with a radiometer was studied, mainly the damage caused by radio-technogenic losses was discussed. At the same time, information is given that x-ray diagnostics, which corresponds to approximately 90% of the total medical dose in terms of medical use of all sources of ionizing radiation affecting humans and radiation exposure to the population. From the analysis of the studied scientific research works, the information on measuring the level of alpha and beta radiation in the atmospheric air with a radiometer is presented, mainly the damage caused by radio-technological losses is discussed.

This article analyzes Uzbekistan's transition to a green economy. It examines the legal foundations for 2023–2024, innovations in the taxation system, and international experience. The goals of utilizing renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing energy-efficient technologies are discussed, along with existing challenges and recommendations for their resolution. The information is presented using tables and illustrations for data visualization.

The diet of patients with cirrhosis of the liver (CL) plays a crucial role in controlling the condition of the liver, since certain foods and nutrients can have both positive and negative effects on the liver. When working with a patient diagnosed with CL, it is very important to carefully plan their diet in order to maintain liver function and overall health. The inclusion of various fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat proteins in the diet helps to provide the body with important nutrients. By following an individual and balanced diet, patients with cirrhosis of the liver can effectively manage their condition.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the concept of participation in crime. It examines the primary roles of participants in a crime—perpetrator, organizer, instigator, and accomplice—as well as their interaction in criminal activities. Additionally, the article addresses pressing issues regarding the improvement of the concept of participation in the norms of the criminal code. The results of this research serve as a scientific and practical basis for law enforcement agencies in determining criminal liability. Special attention is given to the importance of proper legal qualification of participants' actions in the commission of crimes. The article proposes new legal concepts and initiatives aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of crime prevention.

The philosophical ideas of Ibn Sina continue to significantly influence the development of modern youth, offering guidance in balancing rational knowledge, spiritual values, and ethics. His teachings, synthesizing philosophy, science, and religion, inspire the formation of critical thinking, moral principles, and self-improvement. In the contemporary world, Ibn Sina's works remain relevant for advancements in science, medicine, psychology, and pedagogy, providing an interdisciplinary approach to addressing modern challenges.

This article analyzes the issues of modernizing the education system, factors of quality and efficiency, and reading culture.

Today, the use of modern pedagogical technologies to increase efficiency in education, actively involve students in the learning process, and form positive motivation for learning is a pressing issue. The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 6, 2020 №4884 "On measures to develop the spheres of education and science in the new period of development of Uzbekistan" serves as an important factor in this direction. This article is devoted to the study of methods and pedagogical technologies for forming positive learning motivation in students using the example of English language materials.

This article is dedicated to methods for developing school students' speaking skills in a foreign language. It emphasizes the importance and advantages of speaking in language learning, discussing how speaking skills differ from other language skills. A number of effective methods are proposed for improving students' speaking abilities. Additionally, the article provides detailed information about the three stages of the speaking process: planning, implementation, and monitoring.

This article explores the effectiveness of debate as a method for teaching speaking skills in language learning classrooms. It highlights the importance of speaking as a critical component of communication and examines how debates enhance fluency, confidence, and the use of authentic language. The article discusses the benefits of debates, such as their ability to address pronunciation, coherence, and appropriate language use, while also addressing potential challenges like student anxiety and unequal participation. Strategies for successful implementation, including structured formats, language support, and reflective activities, are provided. The findings suggest that debates significantly improve speaking skills and prepare learners for real-world communication.

In one of the photographs of the blockade, several soldiers and persons guilty of criminal offenses are next to a loud speaker. Worst people listen carefully and intently. What information have they received so far? During the war days, radio was of great importance in our city. Many witnesses confirm the words of Olga Berggolts.

This article explores methods of teaching math topics to children who are undergoing long-term treatment. This will ultimately help improve learning outcomes that meet specific learning objectives. In addition, he learns that each subject should be regularly linked not only to life, but also to other subjects.

The article describes the effects of the use of mineral and organomineral fertilizers in various norms on changes in bulk density, porosity and water permeability of irrigated meadow soils in the Fergana region.

Lightweight heat-resistant and thermal insulation materials are effective building materials widely used in construction. To obtain porous thermal insulation materials, raw materials of Uzbekistan were studied. As a result of the research, clay mineral phases of the Changi deposit in Tashkent region were selected for obtaining porous ceramic materials (“geopolymers”). Geopolymers with a well-developed porous structure were obtained on the basis of glauconite and diatomite from the Changi deposit.

This article examines the essence of the concept of communicative competence, its definition in dictionaries, its pedagogical significance, and the possibilities and current state of the educational system aimed at its formation. Also, the organizational and legal foundations of the development of communicative worldview and thinking, and the state of legal norms in practice are also covered. For this purpose, it is appropriate to clarify the content of the concept of competence first.

The article discusses the agrotechnical indicators of a new class of rotary working bodies used for loosening the soil and weeding weeds in row spacing. The result of experimental studies to determine some operational parameters and the advantage of using a new rotary working body FAP02377, 2023 is given.

This article is devoted to studying the possibilities of using modern technologies in improving the teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) for students studying in technical fields. It extensively covers the role and effectiveness of mobile applications, simulations, and online tools in the educational process. The article analyzes the experiences of using programs such as Duolingo, Quizlet, and Grammarly designed for ESP education, and their integration with materials focused on technical subjects in language teaching. Important information is provided about simulation technologies, for example, virtual laboratories and model platforms used to teach processes in the technical field in conditions close to real-life conditions. Experiences in organizing ESP courses on the Moodle and Google Classroom platforms as online tools are analyzed. The article also considers the advantages, as well as difficulties and limitations, of using technological tools to increase educational efficiency. It serves to reveal the pedagogical, methodological and technical aspects of the use of innovative methods in language teaching for technical specialists.

This article discusses the effectiveness of organizing the educational process based on communicative competence in helping young people find their place in a rapidly developing social life and its impact on the socialization of the younger generation.

This article analyzes the issues of responsibility for crimes against the safety of traffic and its use, the role of the plenums of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan on these crimes.

The article explores the origins and development of the concept of "Oriental studies." It examines the stages of scholarly interest in the East, starting from the Greco-Roman period, and analyzes the perspectives of ancient historians such as Herodotus, Xenophon, and Roman authors like Titus Livy and Tacitus. Special attention is given to the flourishing of Arab-Islamic culture during the Middle Ages, the role of the Toledo Translation School, and the contributions of German Orientalists. The article highlights the   establishment of Arabic studies as an academic discipline in Germany.

This article focuses on analyzing the efficiency of polymer waste recycling and utilization technologies. The study showed that the recycling of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) reaches 85% and 78%, respectively, due to their molecular weight and crystallinity, which are suitable for recycling processes. However, the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) demonstrates lower efficiency, at 45% and 40%, respectively. The results indicate that to improve recycling efficiency, optimal parameters for temperature (400°C) and time (30 minutes) should be established. The article also emphasizes the importance of implementing environmentally safe recycling technologies for polymer waste.

The article discusses the activities of the special prevention of offenses carried out by the crime prevention services of the internal affairs bodies, and offers proposals and recommendations for the more effective organization of this activity.

This article discusses the content, conditions and criteria for the moral preparation of students for professional activities. And also the ways of formation of students' moral readiness, orientation of self-education in the educational and extracurricular process are studied. The structural components of the readiness of teachers for the moral education of students are formulated.

Keramzitbeton is one of the most widely used types of concrete in construction today. Keramzite concrete is one of the types of lightweight concrete in which expanded clay (granules obtained from baked clay) and sand are used as the main fillers. If the main binder is cement (in some cases construction plaster, lime and synthetic resins) are used. The main filler for expanded clay concrete is the high yield of expanded clay, its relatively cheap price, and the fact that it has a lower heat transfer coefficient, which made it possible to use it on a wide scale compared to other light concretes. However, regardless of such good aspects, expanded clay concrete is used only in some areas of construction. The main reason for this is the low strength of expanded clay concrete compared to other ordinary clay concretes. Therefore, increasing the strength of expanded clay concrete, we can further increase the places and areas of its use.

In this article, educating youth on the basis of national values ​​and restoring them to our national values, customs and traditions will ensure the effectiveness and success of reforms throughout our society.

This article analyzes scientific research and survey results on the influence of parental prohibitions and attitudes on children’s development. It was found that parental overprotection and excessive restrictions shape specific personality traits and behavioral patterns in children, which may determine their future. Studies conducted at Loma Linda University confirm that parental prohibitions cause stress in early childhood, reduce emotional security, and affect health later in life. Such prohibitions often lead to the development of traits that hinder career and professional growth, such as indecision, lack of initiative, and perfectionism.

This article is devoted to the study of the issue of the use of vulgarisms, jargon and cacophony in the linguopoetics of K. Rakhmonov's poetry. It analyzes the ways of achieving aesthetic expression through the use of unconventional elements in the writer's artistic style and speech culture. Vulgarisms, jargon and cacophony are interpreted as an important tool in forming the specific content of poetry and enhancing its emotional-expressive effect. The article analyzes the influence of these elements on the creative style, their role and artistic value in modern Uzbek literature based on examples taken from K. Rakhmonov's poems. This study serves to shed light on the function of vulgarisms and jargons in the poetic text and their artistic and aesthetic potential.

The article states that the formation of a healthy lifestyle among students is the most urgent problem, issues of government decisions in this area and their implementation. In the process of educating a mentally and physically healthy generation, the harmony of the family, educational institution, state and society is important, and as a result of this harmony, the formation of the comprehensively developed generation expected by our state and society is emphasized. Historical and pedagogical heritage, international historical experience and issues of harmonization of national values related to the formation of a mature generation are noted.

World War II was one of the most difficult and difficult periods in human history, in which millions of people, including the women of Uzbekistan, stood out for their courage and selflessness. During the war, Uzbekistan played an important role in the rear, and many women actively participated in the defense of their homeland.This article provides information about the courage shown by the women of Uzbekistan on the front lines and in the rear during World War II.

This article discusses the key components of professional-pedagogical competence, focusing on its significance for teachers in the context of modern education. It outlines various types of competence required for effective teaching, including special competence, methodological competence, socio-psychological competence, differential-psychological competence, and autopsychological competence. These competences are described as essential for teachers to engage students effectively and improve educational outcomes. The article stresses the importance of continuous professional development and the evolving demands on teachers in response to societal changes.

The implementation of the Strategy of Management and reform of enterprises with state participation requires improvement of the organizational conditions of their emission activities. It seems advisable to create mechanisms for direct investment of the most promising joint-stock companies at the expense of budgetary funds or promissory notes of authorized state bodies. It is necessary to introduce the practice of preparing a business plan for enterprises based on a multi-scenario approach, improving their dividend policy, as well as improving the legal conditions for the activities of market makers in the securities market.

Develоpment аnd recоmmendаtiоn tо fаrmers оf аgrоtechnоlоgy fоr selectiоn аnd cultivаtiоn оf new аnd prоmising rye vаrieties suitаble fоr sоil аnd climаtic cоnditiоns оf the Khоrezm оаsis, thereby reducing impоrts in the republic's ecоnоmy, increаsing expоrts, increаsing the shаre оf аgriculturаl prоducts аnd prоviding the pоpulаtiоn with permаnent rye flоur. It is pоssible tо meet the demаnd.

The article presents information on the transparency indices of autumn rye varieties in the alluvial soils of the meadows of the Khorezm region.

This article explores the influence of the norm of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and formation of vegetative organs of the Emerald and pollen varieties of peas in the conditions of the Khorezm region.

Diaspora relations are a crucial element in international cooperation, presenting both challenges and opportunities that significantly impact bilateral and regional dynamics. This article explores the complex nature of diaspora relations, highlighting the difficulties faced by diaspora communities, including integration and identity conflicts, political and legal barriers, economic constraints, and discrimination. Despite these challenges, diaspora populations offer substantial opportunities for enhancing cultural diplomacy, economic development, political advocacy, and knowledge transfer. Through their contributions in trade, innovation, and social integration, diasporas play a pivotal role in strengthening ties between home and host countries. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing these challenges through effective policies and collaboration, which can unlock the potential of diasporas to foster mutual understanding, promote sustainable development, and enhance international relations.

The renowned linguist Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maydani is the author of numerous works on Arabic grammar, jurisprudence, and literature. This article provides information about some of the scholar’s works. It discusses his contributions to linguistics, including Majma‘ al-Amthal, Al-Sāmī fī al-Asāmī, Kitāb al-Hādī wa al-Shādī, Baḥth ‘an Binā’ al-Jam‘ wa al-Ḥurūf, Risā’il Naḥwiyya Ṣaghīra, and Nuzhat al-Ṭarf fī ‘Ilm al-Ṣarf.

The article examines the state of the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is the main component that ensures the life of the population. The development of transport infrastructure is used in all areas of the state, and accordingly, the state security of Uzbekistan.

This article examines the impact of privatization processes on employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. An analysis was carried out of the development of the share of privatized enterprises and newly created enterprises, the number of employees, the level of employment, the number of unemployed in the period 2021-2023. A correlation analysis of the relationship between privatization indicators and employment indicators was carried out. Based on the analysis, research results were obtained showing the relationship between these indicators, which make it possible to determine further directions and rates of privatization.

This article analyzes some indicators characterizing the labor market, such as the number of employees, the level of employment, and the number of unemployed. Based on this analysis, positive trends in the growth of employment indicators and a decrease in the number of unemployed have been identified, which has a beneficial effect on the economy, but at the same time there is an uneven development of these processes in the regions. In addition, an analysis was carried out to identify the relationship between privatization indicators and employment indicators, as a result of which a relationship was identified that contributes to the implementation of a privatization policy that would contribute to the further development of employment, taking into account the balanced development of the regions.

This article is devoted to studying the theoretical foundations of effectively organizing the process of learning foreign languages by university students through individual educational trajectories. The article emphasizes the importance of an individual approach in developing the education system in the context of globalization.

This article proposes a method for improving certain properties of clay concrete and presents the results of laboratory studies involving the addition of a gypsocement-pucolan binder. Physico-technical properties were analyzed and the most optimal option for effective application in material construction was chosen based on comparison with analogues.