Педагогика и психология в современном мире: теоретические и практические исследования

Ushbu tadqiqot universitet talabalarini kelajakdagi kasbiy faoliyatida zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalaridan samarali foydalanishga tayyorlash metodikasini takomillashtirish masalasini ko‘rib chiqadi. Bugungi kunda axborot texnologiyalari (AT) jahon miqyosida barcha sohalarda, jumladan, ta'limda ham katta o‘rin tutmoqda. Oliy ta'lim muassasalarida ATni o‘qitishda samarali usullar va metodlarni ishlab chiqish, talabalarni kelajakdagi kasbiy faoliyatiga muvaffaqiyatli tayyorlash uchun zarur. Tadqiqotda zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalarining pedagogik jarayonga ta'siri, o‘quv jarayonida ATni integratsiya qilish imkoniyatlari va bu texnologiyalarni kasbiy tayyorgarlikda qo‘llashning samarali usullari tahlil qilinadi. Talabalar uchun zamonaviy texnologiyalar yordamida o‘quv materiallarini tahlil qilish, o‘rganish va qo‘llash imkoniyatlari yaratiladi, bu esa ularning kasbiy kompetentsiyalarini rivojlantirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Shuningdek, ATdan foydalanish orqali o‘qituvchilar va talabalar o‘rtasidagi interaktiv aloqalarni kuchaytirish, ta'lim jarayonini individualizatsiya qilish va talabalar bilimini oshirish yo‘llari o‘rganiladi. Ushbu ishning natijalari, universitet ta'limi jarayonini zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari asosida takomillashtirishga qaratilgan yangi pedagogik yondashuvlar va metodlarni ishlab chiqishga yordam beradi.

Boshlang‘ich sinfda mustaqil fikrlashni shakllantirish 21-asr kompetensiyalarining poydevori bo‘lib, o‘quvchining bilimni “qabul qiluvchi” emas, balki mazmunni tahlil qiluvchi, dalillovchi va qaror chiqaruvchi subyekt sifatida kamol topishini ta’minlaydi. Mavzu dolzarbligi O‘zbekistonda boshlang‘ich ta’lim kontingenti kengligi bilan ham izohlanadi: 2022/2023-o‘quv yili boshida umumta’limdagi 1-4-sinf o‘quvchilari 2 544,0 ming nafarni (jami o‘quvchilarning 39,4 foizini) tashkil etgani qayd etilgan [1]. Mazkur maqolada mustaqil fikrlashning psixologik-pedagogik ta’riflari aniqlashtirildi, boshlang‘ich ta’lim sharoitida samarali metodlar (muammoli ta’lim, tadqiqotga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuv, dialogik o‘qitish, loyihaviy faoliyat, refleksiya va formatif baholash) tizimlashtirildi hamda amaliy natijadorlikni o‘lchash indikatorlari va sinf amaliyoti uchun “qoidalar to‘plami” taklif etildi.

This study provides basic information on the theoretical and practical foundations of conflict management through body language in psychology. Also discussed are psychological mechanisms, the relationship between a person's emotional state and body movements, physiological reactions arising in the process of conflict, and methods of their conscious management. The study presents effective psychological methods based on the direction of psychology, such as the separation of constructive and destructive conflicts, the use of empathic body language. The importance of conflict management in the process of education, family relations, team management, and negotiations is emphasized. The research results show that conscious management of body language is described as an important factor in preventing the escalation of conflict, strengthening mutual trust, and constructive resolution of conflict problems.

This study discusses information presented on the foundations of the pedagogical and psychological theory of conflict management through body language. It substantiates the importance of body language as a tool of educational influence in the communication between teacher and student within a pedagogical environment.  Research results show that the conscious management of body language is an important factor in developing an individual's emotional maturity, communicative competence, and pedagogical skill, and serves to create an environment that fosters constructive conflict resolution. Furthermore, in the course of our research, we have provided information on methods for managing conflict situations based on pedagogical and psychological approaches.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining nutqini sun’iy intellekt vositalari orqali rivojlantirishning nazariy asoslari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda nutq rivojlanishining psixologik-pedagogik omillari, bolalar tafakkuri va til taraqqiyotiga oid ilmiy qarashlar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, Lev Vygotskyning yaqin rivojlanish zonasi nazariyasi hamda Jean Piagetning kognitiv rivojlanish bosqichlari asosida boshlang‘ich ta’lim jarayonida nutqni shakllantirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarining ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni, interaktiv va individual yondashuv imkoniyatlari ochib beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari sun’iy intellekt vositalari o‘quvchilarning og‘zaki va yozma nutqini rivojlantirishda samarali pedagogik vosita bo‘la olishini ko‘rsatadi.

This study presents data based on a broad psychological approach to the psychological analysis of conflict management procedures and methods. The essence of the conflict, the study of the causes of its emergence, the stages of its development, and the forms of its manifestation are also theoretically analyzed. In the course of our research, we will talk about the essence of emotional intelligence in conflict management, cognitive processes, mechanisms of protection from psychological influences, and the importance of motivational factors. Information is provided on methods of constructive conflict resolution, including the psychological mechanisms of approaches based on the collaborative method. The results of our research show that in psychology, it has been confirmed that conscious control, empathy, and reflection allow turning conflict into a factor of social development, not a negative phenomenon.

Strategik boshqaruv qisqa muddatli operativ qarorlar majmui emas, balki tashkilotning uzoq muddatli rivojlanish maqsadlariga erishishga qaratilgan konseptual, tizimli va istiqbolli faoliyatni anglatadi. Operativ boshqaruv asosan kundalik vazifalarni bajarish, mavjud muammolarni tezkor hal etish va joriy jarayonlarni nazorat qilishga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lsa, strategik boshqaruv esa tashkilotning kelajakdagi holatini oldindan belgilash, tashqi muhitdagi o‘zgarishlarni prognozlash va resurslarni maqsadli yo‘naltirishni nazarda tutadi. Bu jarayon ichki resurslar (inson kapitali, infratuzilma, metodik salohiyat) hamda tashqi omillar (mehnat bozori talablari, demografik o‘zgarishlar, texnologik rivojlanish)ni kompleks tahlil qilishga asoslanadi. Strategik qarorlar uzoq muddatli istiqbolda ta’lim sifatini oshirish, natijadorlikni barqaror ta’minlash va raqobatbardosh muhit yaratishga xizmat qiladi.

ushbu maqolada maktab muassasalarida faoliyat yurituvchi pedagog ustozlarda kasbiy deformatsiya shakllanishi, uning psixologik-pedagogik omillari, ko‘rinishlari va o‘qituvchi faoliyatiga ta’siri ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot doirasida kasbiy deformatsiyadan chiqishning samarali metodlari, profilaktik choralar, psixologik salomatlikni saqlash bo‘yicha yondashuvlar va ta’lim muassasalarida qo‘llanilishi mumkin bo‘lgan korreksion strategiyalar o‘rganildi. Natijalar kompleks psixologik yordam, o‘z-o‘zini boshqarish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish, professional refleksiya, hissiy-irodaviy barqarorlikni mustahkamlash va sog‘lom mehnat muhitini yaratish o‘qituvchida kasbiy deformatsiya darajasini sezilarli pasaytirishini ko‘rsatdi.

Ko‘pgina olimlarning fikriga ko‘ra, insoniy munosabatlarni o‘rganish hozirgi davrning asosiy vazifalaridan biriga aylandi. Psixologiyada bu mavzuga alohida e’tibor beriladi chunki bu yerda o‘zaro munosabatlar asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarga alohida e’tibor berish kerak. Bu ularning rivojlanishining muhim bosqichidir.

O‘smirlarning shaxsiy refleksiyasi xususiyatlarini o‘rganish zaruriyati refleksiv jarayonlar va mexanizmlar sohasidagi falsafiy-psixologik tadqiqotlarga murojaat qilishni taqozo etdi.