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Ushbu maqolada MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) turizmining mohiyati, uning infratuzilma tarkibi, rivojlanish omillari hamda milliy iqtisodiyotga ta’siri ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, MICE turizmi infratuzilmasining zamonaviy tendensiyalari va rivojlanish istiqbollari yoritib beriladi.

Mazkur ilmiy maqolada o‘quvchi yoshlarda milliy mafkuraviy qarashlarni shakllantirish jarayonida ijtimoiy fanlarning tutgan o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil etiladi. Jamiyat taraqqiyotida yosh avlodning milliy o‘zlikni anglash, vatanparvarlik, fuqarolik mas’uliyati va mafkuraviy immunitetini mustahkamlash muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu jarayonda tarix, falsafa, huquqshunoslik, sotsiologiya va “Ma’naviyat asoslari” kabi ijtimoiy fanlarning ta’lim-tarbiyaviy imkoniyatlari ochib beriladi. Maqolada ijtimoiy fanlar orqali o‘quvchilarda milliy g‘urur, mustaqil fikrlash va yot g‘oyalarga nisbatan tanqidiy yondashuvni shakllantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari ta’lim tizimida mafkuraviy tarbiyani yanada samarali tashkil etish bo‘yicha ilmiy xulosalar chiqarishga xizmat qiladi.

Mazkur maqolada kimyoviy elementlar va birikmalarni nomlash jarayonida onomastik tafakkurning tutgan o‘rni yoritiladi. Kimyoviy nomlarning shakllanishida ilmiy, tarixiy, madaniy va kognitiv omillarning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi tahlil qilinadi. Element nomlarining semantik motivatsiyasi, konseptual asoslari hamda milliy va xalqaro nomlash tamoyillari lingvokultrologik va terminologik yondashuvlar asosida o‘rganiladi.

Yurak infeksiyalarini erta tashxislash klinik amaliyotda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, kasallikning kech aniqlanishi og‘ir asoratlar va yuqori o‘lim ko‘rsatkichlariga olib keladi. Maqolada laborator, molekulyar-biologik, immunologik hamda instrumental diagnostika usullarining afzalliklari va klinik ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Xususan, PCR, qon madaniyati, transesofageal ehokardiografiya va magnit-rezonans tomografiyaning diagnostik imkoniyatlari yoritib berilgan. Zamonaviy diagnostik texnologiyalar yurak infeksiyalarini aniqlash aniqligini oshirib, individual davolash strategiyasini tanlash imkonini beradi.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich ta’limda savod o‘rgatish jarayonida o‘yinli usullardan foydalanishning pedagogik ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda o‘yin texnologiyalarining o‘quvchilarning o‘qish va yozish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish, mustaqil fikrlashini rivojlantirish hamda dars jarayoniga bo‘lgan qiziqishini oshirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, savod o‘rgatish darslarida qo‘llaniladigan didaktik o‘yinlar turlari, ularning metodik xususiyatlari va amaliy samaradorligi ochib berilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari o‘yinli usullar boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining savodxonligini rivojlantirishda samarali pedagogik vosita ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.

Ushbu tezisda xalq ta’limi muassasalarida davlat xaridlari jarayonida yuzaga kelayotgan korrupsiya xavflari huquqiy va institutsional jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Davlat xaridlari to‘g‘risidagi qonunchilikda mavjud istisnolar, markazlashtirilgan moliya tizimi hamda jamoatchilik nazoratining cheklanganligi korrupsion risklarning kuchayishiga olib kelayotgan omillar sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Mazkur muammolarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha aniq normativ va tashkiliy takliflar ilgari suriladi.

This article highlights that as time progresses, technology continues to develop rapidly, and each process has both advantages and various negative aspects. In the education system, the development of modern technologies creates opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the educational process, the quality of education, and overall convenience. The article discusses the impact of distance education, electronic textbooks, online platforms, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies on the teaching and learning process. In addition, along with the advantages of using digital technologies, several emerging problems and possible ways to overcome them are also presented.

ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston tarixiy shaharlarida an’anaviy turar-joylarning shakllanish jarayoni Marg‘ilon shahri misolida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda turar-joy me’morchiligining rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi tabiiy-iqlimiy sharoitlar, ijtimoiy-madaniy omillar hamda mahalliy qurilish an’analari yoritib beriladi. Marg‘ilon shahridagi hovli markazli uylar, ayvonli reja tuzilmalari va tashqi yopiq, ichki ochiq hajmiy-kompozitsion yechimlarning o‘ziga xos jihatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, an’anaviy turar-joylarning oilaviy hayotni muhofazalash, mahalla munosabatlarini mustahkamlash va milliy qadriyatlarni saqlashdagi ijtimoiy ahamiyati asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot natijalari tarixiy shaharlar me’moriy merosini asrash hamda zamonaviy turar-joy loyihalarida an’anaviy tamoyillardan foydalanish imkoniyatlarini ochib beradi.

Mazkur ilmiy maqolada yarimo‘tkazgichli murakkab geterotuzilmalarda rezonans tunnel o‘tish hodisasi chuqur nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Kvant tunnellanishning fizik mohiyati, potensial quduq va to‘siqlarning shakllanish mexanizmlari, diskret energetik sathlar va tashqi elektr maydon ta’sirida elektron transport jarayonlari batafsil yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari zamonaviy nanoelektronika, tezkor kalitlash qurilmalari va kvant texnologiyalarida rezonans tunnel hodisasining katta amaliy ahamiyatga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatadi.

Mazkur maqolada Xorazm vohasida shakllangan etnosport o‘yinlarining etnogenetik ildizlari, tarixiy taraqqiyoti va madaniy xotira tizimidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda XX asr o‘rtalaridan boshlab olib borilgan etnografik izlanishlar hamda XXI asrda amalga oshirilgan davlat siyosatlari asosida etnosportning zamonaviy transformatsiya jarayonlari yoritib beriladi. Olingan natijalar Xorazm xalq o‘yinlarining milliy o‘zlikni anglash, madaniy merosni asrash va ijtimoiy birdamlikni mustahkamlashdagi ahamiyatini ko‘rsatib beradi.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda o‘quvchilarda ijodkorlik qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish masalasi innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlar orqali tahlil qilinadi. Tezisda ijodkorlik qobiliyatining pedagogik mohiyati, uning ta’lim jarayonidagi roli, shuningdek, innovatsion metodlar yordamida ijodiy salohiyatni shakllantirishning nazariy asoslari yoritilgan.

Mazkur ilmiy tezisda bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kreativ kompetentligini rivojlantirish masalasi akmeologik yondashuv asosida chuqur ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan yoritilgan. Akmeologik yondashuvning pedagogik mohiyati, uning bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy yetuklikka erishishidagi roli hamda kreativ kompetentlikni shakllantirishdagi imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, kreativ kompetentlikni rivojlantirish metodikasining mazmuni, bosqichlari va pedagogik shart-sharoitlari asoslab beriladi.

Mazkur ilmiy tezis oliy ta’lim muassasalari talabalarida ekologik madaniyatni shakllantirish va rivojlantirish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda umumiy pedagogika fanining tarbiyaviy imkoniyatlari asosida ekologik madaniyatni oshirish metodikasini takomillashtirish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Talabalarni ekologik faoliyatga jalb etishga yo‘naltirilgan innovatsion pedagogik metodlar va yondashuvlarning samaradorligi ilmiy jihatdan asoslab beriladi.

Прокурор назорати масалалари бўйича кўпгина илмий изланишлар олиб борилганига қарамай, жиноят ишини қўзғатиш босқичида прокурор назоратининг функцияси ва объекти масалалари долзарблигича қолмоқда. Ушбу масалаларни тадқиқ қилиш нафақат илмий назарий нуқтайи назардан, балки амалий жиҳатдан ҳам муҳим саналади.

Mazkur maqolada xalq tabobatida stomatitni davolashda qo‘llaniladigan usullar ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilindi. Stomatitning kelib chiqish sabablari, klinik belgilari va davolashning zamonaviy usullari bilan bir qatorda xalq tabobatida qo‘llaniladigan o‘simlik damlamalari, og‘iz chayish eritmalari hamda tabiiy vositalarning samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqildi. An’anaviy usullarni zamonaviy tibbiyot yondashuvlari bilan solishtirish orqali ularning afzalliklari va cheklovlari aniqlanib, kompleks yondashuvning stomatitni davolashdagi ahamiyati asoslab berildi.

This article discusses the beneficial aspects of using the Internet for people, as well as the problems that may be encountered. The Internet makes our lives easier and is widely used in education, employment, medicine, daily life, and business. The article also explains how individuals can achieve success by using these opportunities effectively and responsibly.

В статье изложены некоторые положения о ведущей роли закона преемственности в становлении литературно-художественного прогресса узбекской литературы, обусловленного влиянием многовековой истории узбекского фольклора, классической узбекской литературы и передовых традиций мировой литературы на развитие национальной литературы.

Ushbu ishda arab va o‘zbek tillarida jumla tarkibi  sintaktik va semantik jihatdan qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida har ikki tildagi so‘z tartibi, bosh va ikkinchi darajali bo‘laklarning o‘zaro munosabati, kesimning joylashuvi hamda ma’no ifodalash usullari o‘rganiladi. Maqolada arab tilining fe’l markazli tuzilishi bilan o‘zbek tilining ot markazli tuzilishi o‘rtasidagi farqlar yoritiladi. Shuningdek, jumlaning semantik tuzilishi, ya’ni ma’no qatlamlari, konnotativ va denotativ jihatlar solishtiriladi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, arab va o‘zbek tillarida grammatik tuzilish turlicha bo‘lsa-da, ularning ma’no ifodalash imkoniyatlarida umumiylik mavjudligi aniqlanadi. Maqola natijalari tilshunoslikdagi qiyosiy sintaksis masalalarini yanada chuqurroq o‘rganishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.Arab tili va o‘zbek tili sintaktik qurilishi jihatidan ikki xil til oilasiga mansub bo‘lib, jumla tarkibi va bo‘laklarning semantik munosabatlari turli grammatik mexanizmlarga asoslanadi. Ushbu tezis arab tilidagi i‘robga tayanadigan struktura bilan o‘zbek tilidagi affikslash va so‘z tartibi asosidagi strukturaning qiyosiy jihatlarini ko‘rsatadi.

Ushbu maqola qandli diabet kasalligining inson organizmiga ta’sirini, uning patofiziologiyasi, klinik oqibatlari va asoratlarini ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qiladi. Qandli diabet — bu insulin ishlab chiqarilishining yetarli bo‘lmasligi yoki organizm hujayralarining insulinga sezuvchanligining pasayishi bilan tavsiflanadigan surunkali metabolik kasallikdir. Ishda qandli diabetning yurak-qon tomir tizimi, buyraklar, nerv tizimi, ko‘z va immunitet tizimiga ta’siri batafsil yoritilgan. Shuningdek, kasallikni erta aniqlash va samarali davolash orqali asoratlarning oldini olish, bemorlarning hayot sifatini oshirishga oid amaliy tavsiyalar ham keltirilgan.

Inson hech qachon tabiatsiz yashay olmaydi, chunki u tabiatning ajralmas qismi hisoblanadi. Biz yashab turgan va bizni o’rab turgan olam xuddi onamiz kabi mehribon va jonkuyar. Quyoshning har zarrasida, tuproqning har jismida tabiatninng bizga bo’lgan onadek mehribon taftini his qilamiz. O’zining har bir jabhasida inson uchun zarur bo’lgan minglab unsurlarni mujassam etgan. Ana shunday go’zal tabiatimiz bugungi kunga kelib qay ahvolga tushmoqda? Bunga kimlar sababchi? Buni qanday oldini olish mumkin? Degan savollar bugungi kunning dolzarb mavzusiga aylanmoqda. Ming afsuski inson tabiatga misli ko’rilmagan miqdorda tasir ko’rsatadi. Inson aql-zakovati orqali, mehnat faoliyati tufayli ta’sir qilishini hech bir narsa bilan taqqoslab bo’lmaydi. Aniqroq aytadigan bo’lsak mavjudotlar tabiatdan qanday bo’lsa, shunday foydalanib, unga sezilarsiz tasirini o’tkazadi. Insoniyat uni o’rab turgan barcha shart-sharoitlarga moslasha oladi, moslasha olmas, uni o’zi istaklariga moslashtiradi, natijada tabiat muvozanati buziladi, buzilgan muvozanat esa katta ta’lofatlarga olib keladi.

В тезисе рассматривается роль транспортных коридоров Южного Кавказа в системе региональной и трансрегиональной логистики, а также их значение для внешнеэкономической и энергетической стратегии Турецкой Республики. Анализируется геополитическое и экономическое значение ключевых инфраструктурных проектов: Южного газового коридора, Транскаспийского международного транспортного маршрута и железнодорожной линии Баку-Тбилиси-Карс в контексте трансформации евразийских транспортных связей и перераспределения сфер влияния. Особое внимание уделяется роли Турции как транзитного государства и формированию ею статуса энергетического и логистического хаба. Отдельно рассматривается вовлеченность стран Центральной Азии, в частности Узбекистана, в процессы транспортной интеграции через Южный Кавказ. Делается вывод о том, что транспортные маршруты региона являются не только экономическим инструментом, но и важным фактором геополитического позиционирования Турции и её партнёров в условиях глобальной конкуренции за контроль над логистическими и энергетическими потоками.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada kiberxavfsizlik va axborot himoyasining zamonaviy jamiyatdagi ahamiyati hamda dolzarb muammolari ko'rib chiqiladi.Raqamli texnologiyalar va internet tarmog‘ining jadal rivojlanishi natijasida axborot resurslaridan foydalanish ortib, kiberxavflar va axborotga tahdidlar soni kengayib bormoqdaMaqolada kiberhujumlarning asosiy turlari, ularning kelib chiqish sabablari va axborot tizimlariga yetkazadigan zararli oqibatlari tahlil qilingan Shuningdek, foydalanuvchilarning axborot xavfsizligi bo‘yicha bilim va ko‘nikmalarini oshirishning ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlanadi. Tadqiqot natijalari axborot resurslarini himoyalash samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.

Digital entrepreneurship has emerged as a dominant driver of economic growth in the knowledge economy, relying heavily on mathematical modeling and computational technologies. This article examines the mathematical and computational foundations that underpin digital entrepreneurial activity, including algorithmic thinking, data analytics, optimization models, and computational complexity. Drawing on established research in economics, computer science, and entrepreneurship studies, the paper analyzes how formal mathematical frameworks and computational tools enable opportunity recognition, resource allocation, and scalable digital business models. The results demonstrate that digital entrepreneurship is not solely a managerial or technological phenomenon, but a structurally mathematical and computational process that depends on formal models, algorithms, and data-driven decision systems.

The rapid development of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed modern society, making the Internet an essential tool for communication, education, business, and social interaction. Along with its numerous benefits, the Internet also poses significant challenges related to information reliability, cybersecurity, digital ethics, and user responsibility. This article examines the concept of effective and responsible Internet use in the digital age, focusing on digital literacy, ethical behavior, data protection, and the prevention of online risks. Based on factual data from international organizations and scientific studies, the paper analyzes current trends, identifies key challenges, and proposes evidence-based approaches to promoting responsible digital behavior.

Green Software Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on designing, developing, deploying, and maintaining software systems in ways that minimize energy consumption and environmental impact. With the rapid growth of digital infrastructure, software has become a significant indirect contributor to global energy use and carbon emissions through data centers, networks, and end-user devices. This article examines the academic foundations and industry practices of Green Software Engineering, emphasizing energy efficiency, carbon awareness, and sustainability principles across the software life cycle. The study synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed research and industry frameworks to identify effective methodologies, measurable outcomes, and current challenges. The results highlight that integrating sustainability metrics into software architecture, development processes, and operational decisions can substantially reduce energy consumption and carbon footprints without compromising performance or reliability.

The increasing availability of structured educational data has enabled the application of supervised machine learning techniques to predict students’ academic performance. Accurate prediction models can support early intervention strategies, personalized learning, and institutional decision-making. This study presents a comparative evaluation of widely used supervised machine learning models—including Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Artificial Neural Networks—for predicting academic outcomes using structured educational datasets. The comparison is conducted based on predictive accuracy, interpretability, computational complexity, and robustness, as reported in prior empirical studies. The findings indicate that ensemble-based methods and margin-based classifiers generally outperform simpler linear models in predictive accuracy, while simpler models retain advantages in interpretability and implementation. The study synthesizes existing evidence to guide researchers and educational practitioners in selecting appropriate machine learning models for academic performance prediction.

The rapid digitalization of industrial environments has increased the demand for autonomous robotic systems capable of performing maintenance and inspection tasks with high reliability and safety. Industrial facilities such as power plants, oil and gas installations, manufacturing lines, and chemical plants often operate under hazardous, constrained, or inaccessible conditions, making human inspection costly and risky. Autonomous robotic systems provide an effective solution by combining advanced sensing technologies, artificial intelligence, and autonomous navigation. This paper analyzes the development of autonomous robotic systems for industrial maintenance and inspection, focusing on system architecture, sensing and perception methods, navigation and localization techniques, and decision-making algorithms. The study synthesizes existing empirical findings and industrial case studies to evaluate performance improvements in safety, cost reduction, and operational efficiency. The results demonstrate that autonomous robots significantly enhance inspection accuracy and reduce downtime, while remaining challenges include energy autonomy, perception robustness, and system integration.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in the education sector, reshaping teaching methods, learning environments, and educational management systems. The integration of AI technologies enables personalized learning, adaptive assessment, intelligent tutoring systems, and data-driven decision-making. According to UNESCO and OECD reports, AI-based educational tools enhance learning efficiency, reduce administrative workload, and support inclusive education by addressing diverse learner needs [1], [2]. This article examines the role of artificial intelligence in education, focusing on its methodologies, empirical outcomes, and challenges. The study relies on factual data from peer-reviewed journals and international analytical reports to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of AI applications in modern education systems.

The transition toward sustainable electricity systems has become a central priority for global economic development, climate change mitigation, and energy security. Rising electricity demand, driven by population growth, urbanization, and digitalization, has intensified pressure on conventional fossil fuel–based power generation systems. This article examines the core technologies and system-level solutions that enable sustainable electricity production, transmission, and consumption. Particular attention is given to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and bioenergy, as well as enabling technologies including energy storage, smart grids, and digital energy management systems. Using data from international organizations and peer-reviewed studies, the paper analyzes methodological approaches to evaluating sustainability, presents empirical results on performance and deployment trends, and discusses challenges related to grid stability, intermittency, and policy implementation. The findings indicate that integrated energy systems combining renewables, storage, and intelligent control mechanisms are essential for achieving long-term sustainability and resilience in the global electricity sector.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for nearly one-third of all global deaths. Despite significant advances in medical science and healthcare technologies, the prevalence of cardiovascular disorders continues to rise due to urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and population aging. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of cardiovascular diseases as “silent killers,” emphasizing their epidemiology, major risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and preventive strategies. Using data from the World Health Organization, peer-reviewed medical journals, and large-scale epidemiological studies, the paper highlights the urgent need for early detection and integrated prevention policies. The findings underscore that most cardiovascular deaths are preventable through lifestyle modification, effective public health interventions, and evidence-based clinical management.

Ushbu maqolada mintaqaga tashrif buyuruvchi turistlar xavfsizligini ta’minlash masalalari ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Turizmdagi obyektlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, mavjud xavf omillari hamda xavfsizlikni ta’minlash mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistonning yirik tarixiy turistik hududlari misolida xavfsizlik holati baholanib, uni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha amaliy taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari turizm sohasida xavfsizlikni oshirish va madaniy meros ob’ektlarini muhofaza qilishga xizmat qiladi.

Depressiya dunyo bo‘yicha eng keng tarqalgan ruhiy kasalliklardan biri bo‘lib, insonlarning hayot sifatiga, ijtimoiy faoliyati va ish qobiliyatiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Bu kasallik doimiy tushkunlik, qiziqish yoki zavqni yo‘qotish, uyqu buzilishlari, charchoq, e’tibor va xotira muammolari, shuningdek, og‘ir hollarda o‘z joniga qasd qilish fikrlari bilan namoyon bo‘ladi. Depressiyaning kelib chiqishi genetik, neyrobiologik, psixologik va ijtimoiy omillar bilan bog‘liq.

Ushbu maqolada raqamli jamiyat sharoitida shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish jarayonida yuzaga kelayotgan asosiy muammolar va xavf-xatarlar atroflicha tahlil qilinadi hamda ularni kamaytirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda axborot xavfsizligini ta’minlash masalalari, shaxsning huquq va erkinliklarini huquqiy jihatdan himoya qilish hamda axborot xavfsizligi bo‘yicha raqamli savodxonlikni oshirish zarurati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston

Ushbu tezisda maxsus maktablarda differentsial ta’lim metodikasining tarixiy ildizlari va zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonidagi ahamiyati tadqiq etilgan. L.S. Vygotskiy va M. Montessori nazariyalari asosida differentsial yondashuvning shakllanishi, O‘zbekistonda differentsial ta’lim tajribasi, Individual ta’lim rejalari (IEP) metodikasi va amaliy samaradorlik ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil qilingan.

Ushbu tezisda kichik biznes sub'ektlarining raqamli savodxonlik darajasini oshirish omillari va muammolari tadqiq etilgan. Tadbirkorlarning raqamli ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish, davlat dasturlari samaradorligi va xorijiy tajribani qo‘llash masalalari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari O‘zbekistonda raqamli savodxonlikni oshirish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqish imkonini berdi.

Mazkur tadqiqotda bozor iqtisodiyoti mexanizmlari sharoitida mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilarning faoliyatini intensivlashtirish, import o‘rnini bosuvchi va eksportga yo‘naltirilgan mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishni rag‘batlantirish masalalari nazariy-metodologik jihatdan asoslanadi. Mahalliy tovarlarning ichki va tashqi bozorlardagi pozitsiyasini mustahkamlashda marketing strategiyalari va innovatsion texnologiyalarning roli ilmiy nuqtai nazardan yoritilgan.

Maqolada XX asr so‘nggi choragida o‘zbek she’riyatida yuz bergan badiiy tafakkurdagi o‘zgarishlar hamda peyzaj lirikasining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ilmiy-nazariy va tahliliy jihatdan tadqiq etildi. Ushbu davr she’riyatida peyzaj tasvirining an’anaviy manzara berish vazifasi bilan birga, individual-falsafiy mushohada, ichki kechinma va ramziy ma’no ifodalovchi muhim poetik vositaga aylangani asoslab berildi. XX asr oxiri she’riyatiga xos bo‘lgan badiiy tafakkurning yangi yo‘nalishlari — subyektivlikning kuchayishi, ramziy obrazlarning faollashuvi, vaqt va makonning ichki idrok asosida talqin qilinishi peyzaj lirikasida qanday poetik shakl topgani tahlil qilindi. Peyzaj obrazlari orqali shoirlarning borliqni anglash, tarixiy xotira va shaxsiy ong munosabatlarini badiiy umumlashtirish usullari yoritildi. Shuningdek, peyzaj lirikasining semantik va estetik imkoniyatlari ochib berilib, tabiat tasvirlarining badiiy g‘oyani bilvosita ifodalashdagi roli ko‘rsatib o‘tildi. Tadqiqot natijalari XX asr so‘nggi choragi o‘zbek she’riyatida peyzaj lirikasining badiiy tafakkur taraqqiyotidagi muhim bosqichini belgilashga, shuningdek, davr she’riyatining poetik xususiyatlarini chuqurroq anglashga xizmat qiladi.

Parazitar kasalliklar maktab yoshidagi bolalar orasida eng ko‘p uchraydigan yuqumli kasalliklar qatoriga kiradi. Ayniqsa, gelmintozlar (askaridoz, enterobioz, giardioz va boshqalar) bolalarning jismoniy va aqliy rivojlanishiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatib, immunitetning pasayishi, kamqonlik, ovqat hazm qilish tizimi buzilishlari hamda o‘qish faoliyatining sustlashishiga olib keladi. Shu sababli maktab bolalari orasida parazitar kasalliklarni oldini olish dolzarb tibbiy-ijtimoiy muammo hisoblanadi.

The integration of listening and writing skills remains a central challenge in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pedagogy. Learners often experience difficulties in accurately perceiving spoken language and transferring auditory input into written output, which negatively affects overall language proficiency. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of dictation activities as an effective instructional technique for developing both listening and writing skills. Drawing on cognitive, psycholinguistic, and pedagogical perspectives, the paper examines how dictation enhances phonological awareness, grammatical accuracy, spelling competence, and textual coherence. Special attention is given to both traditional and innovative forms of dictation, including dictogloss and collaborative dictation, which promote learner engagement and interaction. The analysis demonstrates that dictation fosters integrated language development, improves learner concentration, and supports metacognitive awareness. Consequently, the article argues that dictation should be reconsidered as a valuable and flexible pedagogical tool in contemporary EFL instruction.

Задержка внутриутробного роста плода (ЗВРП) является одной из наиболее значимых проблем современной перинатологии, связанной с высоким риском неблагоприятных исходов беременности. Известно, что важную роль в формировании плацентарной недостаточности играют иммунные механизмы, в частности дисбаланс цитокиновой регуляции. Настоящее исследование было выполнено на базе 1-й клиники Самаркандского государственного медицинского университета и направлено на изучение особенностей внутриклеточной продукции интерлейкина-10 (IL-10) макрофагами децидуальной оболочки плаценты у женщин с осложнённым течением беременности. В исследовании участвовали 110 беременных, из которых 60 имели признаки задержки роста плода, а 50 — нормальное развитие беременности. По данным проточной цитофлуориметрии, у женщин с ЗВРП выявлено достоверное снижение синтеза IL-10 в макрофагах плацентарной ткани по сравнению с контрольной группой. Более выраженное снижение наблюдалось при наличии декомпенсированной плацентарной недостаточности и преждевременных родов. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что снижение локальной продукции IL-10 может рассматриваться как один из ключевых факторов нарушения иммунного баланса в фетоплацентарном комплексе и развития ЗВРП.