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Ushbu maqolada mantiq falsafasining mohiyati, predmeti, tarixiy shakllanish bosqichlari hamda Sharq va G‘arb falsafasidagi o‘ziga xos talqinlari tahlil qilinadi. Mantiqning tafakkur madaniyatidagi o‘rni, haqiqatni anglashdagi roli hamda zamonaviy ilm-fan, texnologiya va sun’iy intellekt sohalaridagi ahamiyati haqida fikr yuritiladi. Maqolada Aristotel, Forobiy, Imom al-G‘azzoliy, Frege, Rassel va Vitgenshteyn kabi mutafakkirlarning qarashlari qiyosiy tahlil etilgan. Ushbu mavzuning dolzarbligi shundaki, XXI asrda informatsion jarayonlarning tezlashuvi, aqlni sun’iy darajada modellashtiruvchi tizimlarning paydo bo‘lishi mantiq falsafasining yangi bosqichga ko‘tarilishini taqozo qilmoqda.

Эта статья о информационных ресурсов, которые в настоящее время используется для получения маштабных информаций из интернета. Разнообразность информаций и их типы.

Maqolada xalq orasida ,,Qora o‘lim’’ nomi bilan mashhur bo‘lgan  o‘lat epidemiysi haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar, uning belgilari hamda avvalgi va  hozirgi davrdagi ta’siri yoritilgan .Kasallikning biologiya faniga bog‘liqligi ‘‘Yersinia  pestis’’ bakteriyasi va uning tashuvchilari haqida keng ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. 

В статье рассматриваются процессы перехода компаний Узбекистана на Международные стандарты финансовой отчетности (МСФО), их преимущества и сложности внедрения. Анализируются основные экономические и управленческие эффекты от применения МСФО, приводятся примеры адаптации крупных и средних компаний к международным требованиям отчетности. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию МСФО на инвестиционную привлекательность, прозрачность финансовой информации и качество корпоративного управления.

The article in question delves into the major impact that motivation has on primary school students' foreign language learning. It is widely recognized that motivation is among the best indicators of success in language learning, particularly in the case of young children who are naturally inquisitive and emotionally very much aware. The research discusses how intrinsic, extrinsic, and social motivation determined children’s participation, involvement, engagement, and even continuous interest in learning the foreign language. It also mentions various internal and external aspects that mainly affect motivation, such as the interaction with peers, parenting attitudes, the classroom atmosphere, teacher traits, and the kinds of activities employed in learning.The effectiveness of digital tools, games, music, and storytelling in increasing student engagement and reducing anxiety is highlighted in the paper. According to the research, highly motivated primary school students tend to express themselves in their native language, outperform their peers, and retain their vocabulary better. This conclusion is based on observations from everyday life and previous research. In order to maintain children's enthusiasm and ultimately ensure that the process of learning a foreign language is successful from the very beginning, teachers are advised to use interesting, supportive, and child-centered methods in writing.

Maqolada raqamli pedagogika tushunchasi, uning asosiy xususiyatlari va boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida kreativ tafakkur rivojlanishiga ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Interaktivlik, multimediali vositalar, o‘lchov va monitoring imkoniyatlari, innovatsion metodlar integratsiyasi va moslashuvchanlik raqamli pedagogikaning o‘ziga xos jihatlari sifatida yoritilgan. Tadqiqot raqamli pedagogik yondashuvlarning samaradorligini va o‘quvchilarning ijodiy faoliyatini rag‘batlantirishdagi ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.

Ҳар қандай суд қарори ёки давлат органининг ҳужжати ҳақиқий аҳамият касб этиши учун унинг ўз вақтида ва тўлиқ ижро этилиши таъминланиши лозим. Суд ҳужжатларининг ижро этилиши фуқаролар ва ташкилотларнинг қонуний ҳуқуқ ва манфаатларини амалий ҳимоя қилишга хизмат қилади. Шу боис, ижро иши юритуви (суд ҳужжатлари ижроси) ҳуқуқнинг мустақил соҳаcи сифатида шаклланиб, унда мажбурий ижро этиш чораларини қўллаш тартиби ва принциплари қонун билан белгиланган.

В условиях глобализации и развития международного сотрудничества проблема возврата незаконных активов приобретает особую актуальность для государств, борющихся с коррупцией, организованной преступностью и отмыванием доходов. В контексте Узбекистана, страны с богатой историей и сложной политико-правовой системой, вопросы возврата активов приобретают особую значимость, поскольку от их эффективности во многом зависит укрепление правового государства, доверия к институтам власти и международное сотрудничество. В данной работе рассматриваются основные политико-правовые аспекты возврата активов в Узбекистане, анализируется опыт реализации соответствующих механизмов, выявляются существующие проблемы и предлагаются направления их решения.

Ushbu tezisda etanoldan butanol olishning katalitik mexanizmi, qo‘llaniladigan zamonaviy katalizatorlar, texnologik jarayonning bosqichlari va ekologik-iqtisodiy afzalliklari yoritiladi. Jarayonning asosiy ilmiy asosi — Guerbet reaksiyasi.

Ushbu ishda etilenning biologik ahamiyati, sanoatda ishlatilishi, ekologik va iqtisodiy jihatlari yoritildi. Kelajakda uning barqaror ishlab chiqarish usullarini rivojlantirish va ekologik ta’sirini kamaytirish kimyoviy muhandislik va biotexnologiya sohasidagi asosiy vazifalardan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the labor market and capital market in Uzbekistan, focusing on recent developments, challenges, and future prospects. It examines the dynamics of labor resource utilization, the impact of economic reforms on employment, the role of the informal sector, and regional disparities. Furthermore, it delves into the growth of capital investments, the development of the capital market infrastructure, and the regulatory environment. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of continued reforms for sustainable economic growth and the modernization of both markets.

Maqola xalq tabobatida keng qo‘llaniladigan dorivor giyohlar va fitoterapiya haqida ilmiy ma’lumot beradi. Dorivor o‘simliklarning turlari, ularning kasalliklarni davolashdagi roli va afzalliklari tavsiflangan.

The literature review is a crucial component of academic articles, providing the foundation for research by summarizing, analyzing, and synthesizing existing studies. This article explores the role of the literature review in scholarly writing, emphasizing its importance in identifying research gaps, establishing the context of the study, and supporting arguments. The paper discusses effective strategies for conducting a comprehensive literature review, common challenges faced by researchers, and best practices to enhance the quality of academic work. Understanding and properly implementing a literature review not only strengthens the credibility of the research but also contributes to the development of knowledge within the academic community.

This article explores the role of innovative technologies in transforming the educational process. By examining various digital tools, from Learning Management Systems (LMS) to artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile learning applications, the study highlights their impact on teaching methodologies, student engagement, and learning outcomes. The article discusses both the advantages, such as personalized learning experiences, increased accessibility, and enhanced student-teacher interaction, as well as the challenges, including the digital divide and the need for teacher training. Overall, the paper underscores the potential of educational technologies to revolutionize learning while emphasizing the importance of addressing existing barriers to ensure equitable access and effective implementation.

Ushbu maqolada Chingiz Aytmatovning “Oq kema” qissasi badiiy-falsafiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Asar markazida yolg‘izlik, bolalik dunyosi, orzu va haqiqat o‘rtasidagi ziddiyatlar, insonning ichki kechinmalari hamda jamiyatning ma’naviy inqirozi aks ettiriladi. Qissa qahramoni – kichik bola o‘zining beg‘ubor tasavvurlari orqali atrof-muhitni ko‘ra oladi, ammo kattalar dunyosidagi adolatsizlik, zo‘ravonlik va beparvolik uning ruhiy olamiga chuqur ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. “Oq kema” timsoli bola uchun orzular, umidlar, poklik va ozodlik ramzi bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Asarda mifologik qatlam, xalq og‘zaki ijodining unsurlari, tabiat va inson o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik alohida badiiy kuch bilan yoritilgan. Maqola qissaning asosiy g‘oyaviy yo‘nalishlarini, ramz va obrazlar tizimini hamda inson ruhiyatining murakkab jihatlarini ochib beradi.

Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda izchil nutqni shakllantirish — ta’lim-tarbiya jarayonining eng muhim vazifalaridan biridir. Izchil nutq bolaning mantiqiy fikrlashi, o‘z fikrini aniq bayon qila olishi, muloqot madaniyati, savodxonlikka tayyorgarligi va ijtimoiy moslashuv darajasiga bevosita ta’sir qiladi. Zamonaviy ta’lim jarayoni bola shaxsini rivojlantirishga yo‘naltirilgan bo‘lib, bunda interfaol metodlar, multimedia texnologiyalari, integrativ yondashuvlar, kommunikativ-o‘yin texnikalari katta ahamiyat kasb etadi. Mazkur tezisda maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda izchil nutqni rivojlantirishning metodik asoslari, zamonaviy yondashuvlar, innovatsion texnologiyalar va pedagogning roli batafsil yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston neft va neft mahsulotlari sektorining global energetika bozoridagi salohiyati va rivojlanish istiqbollarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot mamlakatning tabiiy gaz va neft zaxiralari, neftni qayta ishlash quvvatlari, ichki iste’mol va eksport infratuzilmasini tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada O‘zbekistonning bozor ulushini oshirishda duch keladigan texnologik, transport-logistika va global raqobat bilan bog‘liq cheklovlar ham muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari O‘zbekiston neft va gaz sektorining ichki imkoniyatlarini va tashqi bozor salohiyatini baholash, sektorni raqobatbardosh va eksportga yo‘naltirilgan sanoatga aylantirish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatadi. Xulosa sifatida, modernizatsiya, investitsiyalar va bozor mexanizmlari joriy etilishi O‘zbekistonning energetika tizimidagi o‘rnini mustahkamlash va iqtisodiy diversifikatsiyani rag‘batlantirish uchun muhim omillar sifatida aniqlangan.

Ushbu maqola neft-kimyo sanoatining atrof-muhitga ta’siri, chiqindilarni qayta ishlash va sanoat mahsulotlarini samarali foydalanish imkoniyatlarini o‘rganadi. Neft-kimyo sanoati katta miqdorda qattiq, yog‘li va xavfli chiqindilar hosil qiladi, shuningdek, uglevodorodlarga boy oqava suvlar orqali chuchuk suv ekotizimlariga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Biosurfaktantlar va ramnolipidlar kabi biologik vositalar uglevodorodlarning biodegradatsiyasini oshirish va og‘ir metallarni zararsizlantirish imkonini beradi. Sanoat xom-ashyoni qayta ishlash orqali qimmatbaho mahsulotlar ishlab chiqaradi: plastmassa, sintetik kauchuk, erituvchilar, o‘g‘itlar, farmatsevtika mahsulotlari va boshqa keng ko‘lamli materiallar zamonaviy jamiyatning deyarli barcha sohalarida qo‘llaniladi.

Mazkur maqola Markaziy Osiyoda ayollar yetakchiligining o‘sish omillarini, xususan ta’lim tizimidagi islohotlarni, yosh avlod uchun yaratilayotgan sharoitlarni tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek yangi avlod ayollarining siyosiy, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy hayotga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Yangi avlod yetakchiligining asosida ta’lim turgani, ta’lim esa jamiyat taraqqiyotining bosh mezoni ekani alohida yoritiladi.

This work analyzes the theme of exile in two Old English elegies, “The Wanderer” and “The Seafarer.” Both poems reflect the feelings of loneliness, loss, and isolation experienced by individuals separated from their homeland and loved ones. In The Wanderer, exile is portrayed as a painful emotional journey of a man who has lost his lord and companions, wandering through a cold and desolate world while reflecting on the transience of life. In The Seafarer, exile is presented both as physical and spiritual — the sailor chooses the harsh life at sea, symbolizing a quest for meaning, faith, and salvation. The study compares how both poets use imagery of the sea, cold, and solitude to express human suffering and the search for spiritual comfort. Ultimately, the theme of exile in both poems reveals the Anglo-Saxon worldview that life on earth is temporary and that true peace can only be found with God.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the education systems of Germany and Uzbekistan, focusing on structure, governance, curriculum standards, vocational education, higher education, assessment practices, and recent reforms. The aim is to highlight similarities and differences between the two countries and to identify opportunities for mutual learning. The research is based on a qualitative review of educational policy documents, academic articles, and governmental reforms introduced in both countries over the past decade. The findings show that Germany’s dual education system, decentralization, and strong industry–education cooperation contribute significantly to workforce readiness, while Uzbekistan’s recent reforms emphasize modernization, digitalization, multilingual education, and international integration. The study concludes that both countries can benefit from exchanging best practices in vocational training, teacher preparation, and quality assurance.

Ushbu maqolada saraton kasalliklarini erta bosqichda aniqlash va jarrohlik muolajasining muvaffaqiyati o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro bog‘liqlik tahlil qilinadi. Erta tashxis qo‘yish onkologik jarayonni nazorat ostiga olish, metastazlar rivojlanishining oldini olish hamda bemorning umr davomiyligi va hayot sifatini yaxshilashda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Tadqiqotda turli onkologik shakllarda ko‘krak bezi, yo‘g‘on ichak, o‘pka, prostata va boshqalar erta tashxis qo‘yilgan bemorlarning jarrohlik natijalari kech bosqichda tashxis qo‘yilganlarga nisbatan ancha yuqori ekani ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy diagnostik usullar  skrining, biomarkyerlar aniqlash, molekulyar genetik tahlillar va tasviriy tekshiruvlarning jarrohlik rejalashtirishdagi o‘rni yoritiladi.

The pursuit of a healthy lifestyle stands as a cornerstone of individual and public well-being, offering profound and multifaceted benefits that extend across physiological, psychological, and socio-economic domains. This academic article critically synthesizes extant literature to delineate the robust advantages of embracing a healthy lifestyle, focusing on evidence-based practices related to physical activity and nutrition. Furthermore, it explores the underlying mechanisms through which these benefits manifest and identifies effective strategies for lifestyle intervention. The synthesis underscores the imperative for continuous advocacy and implementation of holistic approaches to health optimization, positioning a healthy lifestyle not merely as an individual choice but as a societal necessity for fostering a robust and thriving populace.

В данной работе рассматривается решающая роль коллективной деятельности в формировании адекватной самооценки и социальной компетентности детей дошкольного возраста. На основе психологических и педагогических данных анализируется гипотеза о том, что успех в совместном деле дает более устойчивое чувство собственной ценности, чем индивидуальная похвала. Особое внимание уделяется аспектам зависимости самооценки от внешних оценок, что является основной проблемой в традиционном воспитании, и предлагается принцип "Вклада и Принадлежности" как ключевое решение. В качестве эффективного практического инструмента предоставляется описание методики Проектно-ролевая игра "Мастерская Общего Успеха", направленной на создание ситуаций взаимной зависимости и осознания ребенком своей значимости в группе.

В данной работе рассматривается проблема низкой вовлечённости и пассивности обучающихся в рамках традиционной образовательной модели. Анализируется потенциал инновационных педагогических технологий как инструмента для кардинального повышения эффективности учебного процесса. В центре внимания находится конкретная методика «Дидактический интеллект-квест», синтезирующая проектный подход, геймификацию и применение технологий искусственного интеллекта.

Mazkur maqolada Chingiz Aytmatovning “Qiyomat” romani tahlil qilinib, inson umrining falsafiy-badiiy talqini, zamonaviy jamiyatdagi ma’naviy inqiroz, tabiat va iymon masalalari, ezgulik va yovuzlik o‘rtasidagi abadiy ziddiyatlar yoritiladi. Roman syujeti va obrazlari, paralel zamon-makon qatlamlari, ramziy va mifologik elementlar orqali insoniyatning umumiy fojiasi va axloqiy mas’uliyati ko‘rsatib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Nurota vohasida shakllangan qadimiy sug’orish tizimi va korizlarning paydo bo’lishi, rivojlanish jarayoni hamda hozirgi holati keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda avvalo Nurota hududining tabiiy-geografik sharoiti, jumladan, tog’ etaklaridan oqib tushadigan yer osti suvlarining shakllanish mexanizmi va ularning sug’orishda tutgan o’rni tahlil qilingan. Koriz tizimining tarixiy ildizlari, ularning qurilish tamoyillari, shaxtalar tarmog’i va ularning o’ziga xos muhandislik yechimlari batafsil ko’rib chiqiladi. Maqolada Nurota aholisi tomonidan qadimdan qo’llanib kelingan suvdan foydalanish an’analari, suv taqsimoti, korizlarni parvarish qilish usullari hamda ushbu tizimning ijtimoiy hayotdagi ahamiyati ilmiy manbalar asosida asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, korizlarning ekologik jihatdan barqaror, energiya talab qilmaydigan va iqlim sharoitiga moslashgan sug’orish texnologiyasi sifatidagi afzalliklari tahlil etilgan.Maqola natijalariga ko’ra, Nurota korizlari nafaqat tarixiy-madaniy obida, balki mintaqaning barqaror suv ta’minotida muhim ahamiyatga ega bo’lgan noyob gidrotexnik tizim ekanligi ta’kidlanadi. Tadqiqot hududning qadimiy sug’orish madaniyatini o’rganish, uni asrab-avaylash va kelajak avlodga yetkazish zarurligini asoslab beradi.

Ushbu mаqоlаdа til о‘rgаnish vа о‘zlаshtirish jаrаyоnidа mаvzulаrni о‘qitishning mеtоdik jihаtlаri, о‘qitish usullаri vа bоsqichlаri hаqidа ilmiy fikrmulоhаzаlаr bаyоn еtilgаn. Fаnlаrdа umumiy tilshunоslik vа xususiy tilshunоslik, umumiy psixоlоgiyа vа xususiy psixоlоgiyа singаri umumiy vа xususiy chеgаrаlаnish kuzаtilаdi. Til mаtеriаlini tаnlаsh, tаqsimlаsh, tаsnif vа bаyоn еtish muаmmоlаri umumiy mеtоdikаnmg vаzifаsigа kirаdi. Chеt tilni о‘qitishdа о‘zbеk vа xоrijlik mutаxаssislаrning tаjribаlаri, mеtоdlаri bаtаfsil о‘rgаnib, tаhlil qilingаn.

Ushbu maqola Afg‘oniston bilan chegaraoldi migratsiya jarayonlarining Surxondaryo viloyatidagi etnik barqarorlikka ta’sirini tahlil qiladi. XX asr ikkinchi yarmidan boshlab, Afg‘onistondagi siyosiy notinchlik va Sovet‑Afg‘on urushi natijasida Surxondaryo hududiga ko‘plab migrantlar kelgan.

The effective use of library resources plays a crucial role in academic success and research development. Modern libraries provide access to a wide range of materials, including printed books, scholarly journals, electronic databases, and online information systems. This paper discusses the main types of library resources and practical methods of using them efficiently. Special attention is given to information literacy and ethical use of academic information.

This article compares the assessment systems in Finnish and Uzbek schools. The article analyzes the assessment approaches, systems, formative and summative assessment options, student motivation, stress levels, and individual development of both countries. While the Finnish system combines formative and summative assessment, encouraging individual development and creative skills of students, the Uzbek system is based mainly on summative and standardized assessment. The results of the comparison show that both systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to combine their best aspects for effective education.

Zamonaviy ta'lim tizimida pedagog kadrlarni innovatsion faoliyatga tayyorlash jarayonini samarali boshqarish uchun interaktiv mexanizmlardan foydalanish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ushbu maqolada pedagog kadrlarni tayyorlash jarayonini boshqarishda qo'llaniladigan interaktiv mexanizmlarning nazariy asoslari, tuzilishi va amaliy jihatlari tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqot interaktiv boshqaruv mexanizmlarining an'anaviy boshqaruv yondashuvlaridan farqli jihatlari, ularning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari va pedagogik ta'lim tizimida qo'llanilishi imkoniyatlarini ko'rib chiqadi. Maqolada interaktiv mexanizmlarning asosiy komponentlari, jumladan, ijodiy hamkorlik muhiti yaratish, teskari aloqa tizimlari, raqamli texnologiyalar integratsiyasi, hamkorlikda qaror qabul qilish jarayonlari va professional rivojlanish platformalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatadiki, interaktiv mexanizmlar pedagog kadrlarning mustaqil qaror qabul qilish qobiliyatini rivojlantiradi, professional hamjamiyatlar shakllanishiga yordam beradi va innovatsion g'oyalarning erkin aylanishi uchun qulay muhit yaratadi.