This study aims to identify external factors affecting the prevalence of dental caries in school-age children. According to epidemiological observations conducted among 420 students aged 6-15 years in secondary schools of Fergana city, the main risk factors for the prevalence of caries were the consumption of sugary products, unhealthy diet, improper use of dental hygiene products, environmental factors, socio-economic status, and dental culture of parents. The results of the study indicate the need to improve school hygiene, preventive dentistry, and programs aimed at a healthy lifestyle.