В данной статье на исторической основе анализируются изменения в системе оплаты труда и пенсионного обеспечения в сельской местности в областях Ферганской долины (Фергана, Андижан и Наманган) в период 1945-1965 годов. Основное внимание было уделено экономической оценке труда дехкан, работающих в колхозах и совхозах в послевоенный период, установленным государством ставкам заработной платы, а также обновлениям, связанным с пенсионным обеспечением колхозников. Статья подготовлена на основе архивных материалов, периодической печати, статистических данных и научной литературы, раскрывает территориальные и социальные различия советской трудовой политики.

The struggle for existence is a universal topic that appears in Steinbeck’s writings as well. Steinbeck’s works are full of characters who struggle to make both ends meet as migrant farmers during the Great Depression. He admired those who worked hard and lived honourably. The characters were given Steinbeck’s voice and vibe. Their flaws, struggle for survival, and unwavering courage are not only theirs but also Steinbeck's. Even though the fact that he authored fiction, his characters are realistic in their portrayals of contemporary America. The Grapes of Wrath earned Steinbeck both praise and scorn. It’s based on the American Great Depression, which ran from 1929 to 1939.

Water supply is primary source of focus for farmers in agriculture and there are lots of issues that farmers come across like lack of water resource, lack of electricity etc. It is widely known that agriculture irrigation is the process of transferring water to the soil that can enhance agriculture productivity at lower cost. So, the efficient agriculture irrigation requires a continuous water supply and agriculture pump are designed and integrated to fulfill this need as a part of agriculture irrigation system. Therefore, the article presents energy efficient pumps in water supply in agriculture.

The article provides information on the scientific and technical solutions of providing grain feed grinding technologies and technical means in animal husbandry and the results obtained in the preparation of grain feed in animal husbandry. It is known that feeding livestock by grinding grains and mixing them with soft fodder is one of the main factors of increasing their productivity. Today, one of the urgent tasks is the development of a device for grinding and mixing feed intended for individual use by farmers, personal assistants and farmers.

This article analyzes contemporary problems of contract law in the agribusiness sector. In particular, it covers uncertainties in the conclusion of contracts, the legal status of contracts in electronic form, the lack of legal advice and the consequences of violating the terms of the contract. The author puts forward solutions and proposals based on shortcomings in practice. In particular, initiatives such as creating an electronic contract platform, increasing legal literacy for farmers and entrepreneurs, and resolving disputes through mediation are proposed.

The study of cotton growth under organic farming conditions focuses on understanding how organic farming practices affect the growth, yield, and quality of cotton crops. Researchers investigate key areas such as soil health, nutrient management, weed management, pest and disease management, fiber quality, and environmental impact. By studying these factors, researchers aim to provide insights into sustainable agricultural practices that can enhance cotton production while minimizing environmental harm and promoting social responsibility. The findings can inform farmers, policymakers, and consumers about the benefits and challenges of organic cotton farming and contribute to the development of sustainable cotton production systems.

The article outlines the importance of rural settlements, in particular the role of land fund in the national economy. Agricultural production, livestock production and their low profitability, its causes, nutritional deficiencies and ways to address these problems. The heads of dehkan farms in different regions have analyzed the results of surveys, expenditures for the production of agricultural produce and the organization of production, and the average production volume on the land plots. The perspectives of perspectives
development of land use in peasant farms/And the perspectives of GIS application in managing the use of land and peasant farms are highlighted

The article outlines the importance of rural settlements, in particular the role of land fund in the national economy. Agricultural production, livestock production and their low profitability, its causes, nutritional deficiencies and ways to address these problems. The heads of dehkan farms in different regions have analyzed the results of surveys, expenditures for the production of agricultural produce and the organization of production, and the average production volume on the land plots. The perspectives of perspectives
development of land use in peasant farms/And the perspectives of GIS application in managing the use of land and peasant farms are highlighted.

Алмашлаб экишни тўғри ташкил этиш мақсадида фермерлар алмашлаб экиш тизимига қоплама экинларни қандай қилиб самарали киритиш мумкинлиги ҳақидаги билимга эга бўлишлари лозим. Бундан ташқари муайян хўжаликнинг ўзига хос шарт-шароитларига мос келувчи техникани танлай билиш муҳим аҳамиятга эга. Аксарият тўғридан-тўғри экиш сеялкалари оддий сеялкаларга қараганда оғирроқ бўлади.

В Республике Узбекистан изучению биоразнообразия придается большое значение. В последние годы в нашей стране большое значение придается развитию лекарственных и пряных растений, особенно эффективному и продуктивному использованию природных ресурсов. В частности, Постановление Президента Республики Узбекистан № PQ-4670 от 10 апреля 2020 года «О мерах по охране дикорастущих лекарственных растений, выращиванию, переработке и рациональному использованию имеющихся ресурсов» создало правовую основу для радикального развитие отрасли. В результате реализации задач данного решения на территории Ташкентской области увеличилось количество фермеров и предпринимателей, которые занимаются не только сбором лекарственных растений в дикой природе, но и выращиванием их плантационным методом и организацией их переработки. значительно увеличивается.

The agricultural industry is a complex and ever-changing landscape. In order to remain competitive, farmers and agricultural businesses must be able to effectively organize their purchase logistics. This includes finding reliable suppliers, negotiating favorable prices, and ensuring that products are delivered on time and in good condition.

В статье дается характеристика дехканских хозяйств в начале ХХ века в период проведения политики национализации со стороны советской власти. Отмечаются особенности социальных отношений в кишлаках и их влияние на развитие событий.

This scientific article bstract This article investigates the application of the k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, a machine learning technique, for monitoring the health of agricultural landowners in Uzbekistan’s Fergana region. By leveraging data from wearable health devices, environmental sensors, and demographic surveys, the study evaluates KNN’s effectiveness in identifying health risks, including stress, fatigue, and pesticide exposure-related illnesses. Through a mixed-method approach, combining a literature review, statistical analysis, and a case study on cotton farmers, the research identifies key challenges such as data privacy concerns, limited access to wearable technologies, and insufficient technical training. Strategic recommendations include developing secure data platforms, optimizing KNN for resource-constrained environments, and implementing farmer training programs.

Root rot disease poses a significant threat to wheat production globally, causing substantial yield losses and compromising crop quality. This scientific article presents an extensive review of root rot disease in wheat, focusing on the key pathogens involved and the diverse management strategies employed to combat this destructive plant disease. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes and implementing effective control measures, farmers and researchers can collaborate to mitigate the detrimental impact of root rot disease on wheat production.