This article analyzes the lexical-semantic aspects of phrases. The structural structure of phrases, layers of meaning and their functional properties in the speech process are studied. Also, the role of phrases in the formation of figurative meanings and their linguistic analysis are highlighted on the basis of examples. The results of the study serve to provide a deeper linguistic understanding of phrases and reveal their communicative significance.

Syntax forms the core of grammatical organization in any language, providing the rules that govern how words combine to create meaningful structures. This article offers an overview of the foundational concepts of syntax, introducing major and minor syntactic approaches including structural, cognitive, and semantic perspectives. It examines the main categories of syntax—phrases and sentences—highlighting their roles in shaping linguistic meaning and grammatical relations. Special attention is given to phrase theory, its definition, and the classification of phrase types such as coordinate, subordinate, and predicative phrases. The article also discusses the problematic cases of mixed or transitional phrase types, emphasizing the complexity and flexibility of syntactic structures. Through this analysis, the study presents a clear and comprehensive understanding of how contemporary linguistics interprets the structure and function of phrases and sentences.