How does mind generates a thought  and how is it prepared for speaking process? These are learnt in psycholinguistics. This paper is an attempt to learn more about the challenging but fascinating field of psycholinguistics and its interdisciplinary features in language acquisition process and comprehending language. And it is discussed  the origin of the subject, its development and problems.

This article is about the history of the emergence of psycholinguistics, which is one of the branches of linguistics. Psycholinguistics is a relatively new area of study, though interest in the mind-language relationship has a long history. And here we mentioned some  prominent scientists and their  works.

The article is devoted to the psycholinguistic study of the concept of linguistic consciousness, the formation of psycholinguistics as an object, its founders, the results of the analysis of concepts and units uniting around linguistic consciousness in the field of psycholinguistics and linguistics.

This article talks about the conditions for the emergence of psycholinguistics, that is, the direction of lingu-psychology, its uniqueness and its necessity today. Its role in the process of text perception and understanding is still not sufficiently studied, which, in turn, requires serious attention to the issue of determining the rules of text analysis and semantic perception.

Neurolinguistics as a relatively young scientific discipline is an important area at the intersection of linguistics, neuropsychology and medicine. It offers a special approach to the analysis of clinical manifestations of speech disorders, such as aphasia, through the prism of linguistic categories and based on modern linguistic theories. The emergence of neurolinguistics became possible due to advances in the development of neuropsychology and psycholinguistics, which formed the foundation for the study of speech disorders as cognitive and neurophysiological phenomena.

This article analyzes the aspects of connection with human language of new trends in linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, sociolinguistics. Personal feelings are interpreted from a linguistic point of view. In particular, the verbal expression of the speech activity of the characters in the text is studied.

This article talks about the conditions for the emergence of psycholinguistics, that is, the direction of linguopsychology, its uniqueness and its necessity today. Its role in the process of perception and understanding of the text is still not sufficiently studied, which, in turn, requires serious attention in the issue of determining the rules of text analysis and semantic perception.

This study explains the fact that associativity is a typologically universal phenomenon, but significant differences in the content and frequency of associations formed in different language communities towards the same object are observed with socio-cognitive factors. The theoretical basis is taken from the approaches of sociocognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics; on the empirical basis, the associative space of the concept *happiness* in the perception of Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian and Ukrainian speakers is analyzed in a comparative manner based on the materials of the "Slavic Associative Dictionary". The data show how the concept is valued in the national consciousness and collective memory through the highest frequency responses of the *sovchi-reaksiya* pairs (e.g., есть, каханне, радост, викилек): while in the Russian spiritual space *happiness* is affirmed by the attribute of “existence”, in Belarusians it is semantically associated with “love”, in Bulgarians with “joy/happiness”, and in Ukrainians with the paradigm of “great value”. The results confirm that the socialization of language is reflected in linguistic associations, that is, the associative field is calibrated with the values, worldview, religious-cultural experience and configuration of social consciousness in society. The study is of methodological importance for linguistic conceptology, psycholinguistics and comparative cultural studies, and allows for its use in the practice of building associative dictionaries, lexical-semantic modeling and intercultural communication.

This article examines the main branches of linguistics and their significance in understanding human language, communication, and cognition. Linguistics, as the scientific study of language, encompasses a diverse range of subfields, each offering unique insights into the structure, function, and evolution of language. Phonetics and phonology explore sound systems, morphology studies word formation, syntax investigates sentence structure, semantics and pragmatics focus on meaning, and sociolinguistics examines language in social contexts. Applied branches, such as psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, and language teaching, demonstrate the practical relevance of linguistic research. The study highlights how these branches collectively contribute to education, translation, artificial intelligence, speech therapy, and cross-cultural communication. Understanding the multifaceted nature of language through these branches enables scholars, educators, and professionals to approach language scientifically, ethically, and creatively.

This article investigates the psycholinguistic mechanisms governing the reception, processing, and interpretation of linguistic units within English and Uzbek social media discourse. Employing a comparative analytical framework, it specifically examines the cognitive load, semantic encoding, and pragmatic inference associated with digital language features such as emojis, abbreviations, neologisms, and community-specific slang. The study integrates data from prominent platforms (Twitter, Instagram, Telegram) with insights from linguistic corpora and experimental psycholinguistic research to delineate both language-specific and universal cognitive patterns. The analysis demonstrates that while the digital medium universally promotes economy, immediacy, and multimodality, the psycholinguistic adaptation to these demands is profoundly shaped by the structural typology (e.g., agglutinative Uzbek vs. analytic English), cultural context, and pragmatic conventions of each language community. Consequently, the study reveals distinct trajectories of linguistic innovation and user adaptation, highlighting how universal cognitive principles are filtered through and realized within specific linguistic and cultural systems.

This paper investigates how gender influences the formation of cultural conceptualizations in language, with a specific focus on associative semantic fields. Drawing on insights from cognitive linguistics, cultural linguistics, and gender studies, it explores how male and female speakers differ in their semantic associations with key cultural concepts, and how these differences reflect underlying gendered worldviews. The study engages theoretical models such as the associative-semantic network theory, prototype theory, and the cultural conceptualization framework to show that lexical meaning is not only cognitively structured but also socially and culturally conditioned by gender identity.

This study explores the role of interrogative sentences as instruments for expressing human psychological and emotional states. Interrogatives are not only grammatical tools for obtaining information but also convey a wide spectrum of emotions such as curiosity, doubt, surprise, anger, empathy, and anxiety. The research examines linguistic structures, intonation, prosody, and contextual usage to demonstrate how these elements shape the emotional and psychological meaning of questions. Psycholinguistic analysis reveals that question formation reflects both cognitive processes and affective states, highlighting the dynamic interaction between language, thought, and emotion. Furthermore, the study investigates the use of interrogative sentences in literary discourse, demonstrating their stylistic and narrative functions in conveying character psychology. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparisons emphasize the variations in emotional expression, influenced by specific linguistic tools, intonational patterns, and cultural communication norms. The findings have theoretical and practical significance for linguistics, psycholinguistics, education, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications, where understanding emotional questioning can enhance human interaction and emotional intelligence.

In the modern context of the formation of the information society, the study of the
language of the media is of particular importance. If until recently the activity of language in
the field of media was studied by different branches of linguistics - sociolinguistics,
psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, etc., now there are all the conditions to unite all the
research. In this article we will consider the comparative study of the language of mass media
in English and Uzbek in the framework of one special discipline - media linguistics

This paper investigates how gender influences the structure and dynamics of the mental lexicon, focusing on differences in associative semantic responses between male and female language users. Drawing from cognitive semantics, psycholinguistics, and gender studies, the study explores whether conceptual associations to the same lexical stimuli diverge systematically by gender, and what such divergences reveal about underlying mental representation. The research is grounded in theories of prototype semantics, frame theory, and connectionist models of lexical access, which posit that lexical meaning emerges through culturally and cognitively mediated networks of association.

   This article examines the phenomenon of sound alternations as a fundamental component of phonological and morphological structure in natural languages. It explores the types, functions, and origins of vowel and consonant alternations, highlighting their roles in grammatical marking, word formation, and historical linguistic development. The study integrates insights from generative phonology, optimality theory, and psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive understanding of how alternations operate within language systems. The results demonstrate that sound alternations are systematic, cognitively significant, and essential for both theoretical linguistic analysis and practical applications such as language teaching and computational modeling.

This article informs readers about linguistics and its correlation with other scientific subjects. It delves into the intricate interplay between linguistics and literary studies, unravelling the multifaceted connections that exist between these two disciplines. Linguistics, as the scientific study of language, serves as a foundational framework for understanding the structure, evolution, and cultural nuances inherent in human communication. This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between linguistics and literary studies, shedding light on the unique dynamics that emerge when these fields intersect.

This article investigates the psycholinguistic underpinnings of communication barriers in intercultural contexts. Moving beyond surface-level linguistic differences, it examines how cognitive frameworks, cultural schemas, emotional responses, and implicit biases fundamentally shape the encoding, transmission, and decoding of messages across cultural boundaries. The paper analyzes key barriers including linguistic relativity (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis), schema divergence, differing conversational styles, and non-verbal misinterpretations. Special attention is given to the role of ethnocentrism, anxiety, and expectancy violations in creating psychological distance. Drawing on established theories from psycholinguistics and intercultural communication, the article proposes an integrated framework for understanding these barriers and offers practical, psychologically-informed strategies for fostering more effective and empathetic intercultural exchanges. The conclusion emphasizes that overcoming these barriers requires both cognitive flexibility and affective sensitivity.

Perception is not a passive imprint of the external world but an active, meaning‑making process that shapes lexical choice, grammatical behaviour, and discourse organisation in English. This article surveys the scientific and theoretical foundations of perceptual phenomena in English, integrating insights from cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, and philosophy of mind. First, it traces the treatment of perception verbs in generative semantics and cognitive grammar. Second, it reviews empirical studies on embodiment and cross‑modal metaphor that reveal how sensorimotor experience constrains conceptual structure. Third, it addresses construction‑specific evidence from corpus linguistics that highlights argument‑structure alternations linked to perceptual construal. The discussion shows how perception operates as a bridge between bodily experience and linguistic patterning, offering directions for interdisciplinary research and pedagogical practice.

This article provides an extensive analysis of how learning multiple languages influences students’ cognitive (intellectual) abilities, supported by relevant evidence and research. The process of learning languages not only helps to develop new communicative skills but also strengthens human thinking and brain activity. Studies show that multilingual individuals tend to have stronger memory, better concentration, and more advanced problem-solving and creative thinking abilities compared to monolinguals. Furthermore, language learning increases brain flexibility and helps prevent cognitive decline associated with aging. The following sections of the article discuss these processes in detail.

This article examines the psychological factors influencing lexical selection,comparing native Uzbek and English speakers. It explores how cognitive, affective, and sociocultural dimensions—including linguistic relativity, emotional valence, social context, and cultural schemas—differentially shape word choice in these distinct language systems. The study employs a framework integrating psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and sociolinguistics to analyze empirical data from verbal tasks and discourse analysis. Key findings reveal that Uzbek speakers' word selection is strongly guided by social hierarchy, formality distinctions, and collectivist cultural values, whereas English speakers exhibit greater emphasis on individualism, directness, and emotional expression. The article contributes to understanding the psychological interface between language, thought, and culture and offers practical implications for cross-cultural communication, language teaching, and translation.

This article analyzes the discursive nature of a humorous text, its cognitive and psycholinguistic mechanisms. The metaphorical models, conceptual contradictions, unexpected semantic turns, and psychological reactions that occur in the reader's mind in the process of creating meaning in humor are explained. Also, the communicative-pragmatic features of humorous discourse, the stages of psycholinguistic processing of language units leading to the appearance of the laughter effect are scientifically revealed.

This article analyzes the problems of lexical and semantic inconsistency that arise in the process of simultaneous translation, which is one of the most complex and responsible forms of oral speech translation, from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. The main problems encountered by the translator in the process of receiving, processing and transmitting speech in real time are terminological inconsistency, polysemy, phraseological units, cultural-realities (realia), and context-dependent semantic shifts. The article highlights the cognitive causes, psycholinguistic factors, and their impact on discourse, and proposes effective strategies for their elimination - advance preparation, contextual prediction, ensuring equivalence based on a functional approach, and using compensation and paraphrase methods. The results of the study serve to improve the quality of simultaneous translation, develop the professional competence of translators, and enrich the theory of translation studies.