Stoma formation is a common surgical procedure performed for patients with colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, trauma, and other gastrointestinal conditions. Despite its life-saving role, stoma creation is associated with a wide range of postoperative complications that significantly affect patients’ physical, psychological, and social well-being. Stoma-related complications such as peristomal skin disorders, parastomal hernia, stoma prolapse, retraction, stenosis, and high-output stoma occur frequently and may lead to reduced quality of life, increased healthcare utilization, and impaired social functioning. This thesis analyzes the most common stoma-related complications and evaluates their influence on quality of life based on evidence from clinical studies, systematic reviews, and international guidelines.

This article discusses the morphological and anatomical structure of leaves, their types, and modifications. It covers the shape, arrangement, and adaptation of leaves to different climates, as well as their unique functions. The article also explains the role of leaves in plant life, including photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration processes.

Maqolada gestatsion piyelonefrit bilan xastalangan ayollarda homiladorlik kechishi haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Tadqiqot Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti 1-sonli akusherlik va ginekologiya kafedrasi klinik bazasining 2023-yilda akusherlik bo‘limiga yotqizilgan gestatsion piyelonefriti bo'lgan 35 nafar homilador ayollarda o'tkazildi.