The article is devoted to the study of information on the correctness of the state of tuberculosis among the akholys of the Samarkand region in the next two years, the actual problems of organizing cargo and preventive work. In the Prevention of tuberculosis epidemics, the organization of akholini preventive measures is of great importance. For this reason, these indicators are being studied and studies are being carried out to determine the harm of axoli to tuberculosis infection, to determine the extent of the epidemic.  During 2023-2024, the Samarkand regional population underwent a tuberculosis examination and studied the circumstances of its registration and what preventive measures should be organized to prevent further tuberculosis infections.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to WHO, in 2021, 1.4 million HIV-negative and 187,000 HIV-positive TB deaths were reported worldwide. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an immune response against M. tuberculosis without clinical manifestations or radiological evidence of active TB. Current diagnostic methods are insufficient to differentiate between healthy and latently infected populations. Here, we used a machine learning approach to analyze publicly available proteomic data from saliva and serum in Ethiopia's healthy, latent TB (LTBI) and active TB (ATBI) people. Our analysis discovered a profile of six proteins, Mast Cell Expressed Membrane Protein-1, Hemopexin, Lamin A/C, Small Proline Rich Protein 2F, Immunoglobulin Kappa Variable 4-1, and Voltage Dependent Anion Channel 2 that can precisely differentiate between the healthy and latently infected populations. This data suggests that a combination of six host proteins can serve as accurate biomarkers to diagnose latent infection. This is important for populations living in high-risk areas as it may help in the surveillance and prevention of severe disease.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a significant global health challenge, contributing to the persistence of active tuberculosis (TB) cases. Early and accurate detection of LTBI is essential for effective TB control strategies, yet current diagnostic methods face substantial limitations. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used, but both exhibit variable sensitivity, specificity, and logistical constraints, particularly in low-resource settings. Moreover, distinguishing LTBI from active TB and determining the risk of progression to active disease remains an ongoing issue. This article reviews the current diagnostic landscape for LTBI, highlights existing gaps, and explores emerging technologies with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving global TB prevention efforts and achieving the goals outlined in the End TB Strategy.

Tuberculous meningitis is one of the most severe forms of tuberculosis and poses a significant life-threatening risk, particularly for patients living with HIV. HIV-associated immunodeficiency markedly alters the pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease, resulting in atypical presentations, rapid progression, and a high incidence of severe neurological complications. Patients often present with prolonged fever, headache, changes in mental status, and focal neurological deficits, while classical meningeal signs may be less noticeable, leading to delays in diagnosis. Laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid findings are frequently nonspecific, and distinguishing the disease from other opportunistic central nervous system infections remains a major diagnostic challenge. Early recognition of tuberculous meningitis, timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and careful management of antiretroviral treatment-including prevention and control of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-are critical for improving clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among children and adolescents, who are more vulnerable to severe disease forms and long-term complications. Modern approaches to TB prevention emphasize early diagnosis, vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and strengthened public health strategies. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine remains a cornerstone of pediatric TB prevention, but advancements in diagnostic technologies and the development of new vaccine candidates are enhancing protection. Additionally, targeted screening programs and preventive therapy for high-risk populations are proving effective in reducing TB incidence. This article reviews contemporary preventive strategies, highlights innovative interventions, and underscores the importance of global collaboration in eradicating childhood TB.