This article examines risk factors for urolithiasis (urolithiasis) development in residents of the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan) and develops prevention strategies. Clinical data from 400 patients with newly diagnosed urolithiasis from 2022 to 2024 were analyzed. The influence of climatic, geographical, dietary, and metabolic factors, as well as inadequate hydration, on the development of urolithiasis is examined. Comparative statistics are presented, including ultrasound data and the Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (IPSS), for cases where stones were localized in the ureters or bladder. Key risk factors are identified, and secondary prevention strategies are proposed