This thesis analyzes the ecological and geographical changes that have occurred in the Zarafshan Basin. The main attention is paid to anthropogenic factors that have arisen under the influence of human activity, namely, industry, agriculture, mismanagement of land resources, expansion of irrigation systems, and increased population density. The article provides an analysis of the degradation, desertification processes, depletion of water resources, and reduction of biodiversity in the Zarafshan River basin and its environment based on scientific observations and statistical data.

The article examines the geobotanical regions of the southern Ustyurt plateau. The features of vegetation and flora of the Barsakelmes, Karabaur-Muzbel, Assakeaudan, Shordzhin, Goklen-Kuyun regions, and the Kaplankyr plateau are analyzed. Special attention is given to vegetation zoning, processes of salt migration and accumulation, anthropogenic impacts, and ecosystem degradation caused by climate change and the Aral Sea drying. It is shown that, despite the diversity of regions, the flora remains monotonous due to the predominance of byyurgun, potash, and wormwood communities.

Article analyzes the territorial distribution and changes in the number of amphibians and reptiles in the spring, summer, and autumn seasons as well as diversity by biotopes  in the Bukhara specialized preserve “Jeyran” and adjacent territories. Currently, special attention is being paid to the issue of protection and rational use of the amphibians and reptiles in territories which are considered an important component of biodiversity. One of the directions of the reforms carried out in our republic is the rational use of natural resources, the preservation of the gene pool of plants and animals for future generations. An increase in the scale of anthropogenic impact on natural landscapes in recent years  requires to take natural components into account and to develop appropriate measures of protection. However, the actual issue of the day is that the species composition, abundance, biotopic distribution, reproduction, seasonality and duration have not been studied.

This thesis scientifically analyses the processes of degradation of pasture resources, their main causes and factors. It covers natural and anthropogenic factors that lead to degradation, including overgrazing, improper land management, climate change, and land reclamation. It also outlines the necessary directions for restoring pasture resources and their long-term sustainable use.

This paper addresses the challenge of enhancing energy efficiency in the utilization of methane from coal mines to support the sustainable development of geotechnologies, particularly in the transition to cleaner, resource-efficient energy production. This issue is critical because the anthropogenic impact of methane emissions from coal mines on global climate change is 21 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. Coal seams rich in gas and the adjacent rocks are to be classified as technogenic coal-gas deposits, with the extracted gas viewed as an alternative energy resource. Current methods for managing coalmine methane require improvement, as the existing "mine-longwall" approach does not adequately consider the spatial and temporal specifics of the production face's advancement. This gap is particularly relevant in the context of environmentally friendly coal mining. The aim of this study is to uncover patterns that illustrate the non-linear dynamics of methane release in underground boreholes, thereby fostering the sustainable development of geotechnologies through improved quality of the extracted methane-air mixture.

The desiccation of the Aral Sea has given rise to an unprecedented ecological catastrophe, resulting in the formation of the Aralkum desert. This paper explores the agrotechnical methods essential for cultivating green coatings on the dried seabed. Specifically, it examines the applicability of phytomelioration strategies, the role of salt-tolerant plant species, and soil reclamation techniques. Moreover, it presents a critical analysis of the interdisciplinary approaches required for sustainable ecological restoration. The significance of such efforts lies not only in combating desertification but also in ensuring regional socio-economic resilience and environmental health. Ultimately, this study contributes to the growing body of literature aimed at reversing the negative anthropogenic impacts on one of the most ecologically stressed regions of Central Asia.

This article tries to give a general idea about the unique flora of the Fergana city, their biomass and the impact of anthropogenic factors on them. The peculiarities of plants in Fergana city and their protection are fully explained.

The article discusses the main environmental problems such as air pollution in cities, at the moment the existence of cities cannot be imagined without human anthropogenic impact. Humanity actively influences the state of the environment. The authors analyze the problem of urban pollution. The city is one of the types of social and spatial organization of the population, emerging and developing on the basis of the concentration of industrial, scientific, cultural, administrative and other functions.

Anthropogenic (technogenic) factors such as blasting, excavation sequencing, equipment-induced vibrations, and poorly designed drainage systems significantly influence pit slope deformation in large-scale open-pit mining operations. This study presents a detailed investigation of these influences at the Kalmakir copper mine in Uzbekistan. Using field data, geotechnical instrumentation, and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) via PLAXIS 2D, the stress redistribution and displacement patterns under various mining activities were analyzed. The results indicate that uncontrolled blasting and excavation without proper phasing contribute most to instability. Recommendations include optimized blast timing, vibration monitoring, phased excavation, and reinforcement strategies.

The terrestrial malacofauna of the Turkestan Range has not been fully studied. The complex structure of the altitudinal landscape zonality of mountain systems and the anthropogenic impact on the plains strongly affect the distribution and abundance of the population of terrestrial mollusks, since all their main aspects are closely related to the conditions of the habitat.

In article questions of distribution of the main herbs in the territory Karakalpakstan are considered. It is established that the ecological range of growth of herbs in the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan very wide from the water shipped plants of lake ecosystems to typical desert plants.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the ecological state of groundwater in the northern and southern districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study explores natural-geological conditions, anthropogenic factors, and pollution sources affecting water quality in both regions. Differences in ecological indicators and their underlying causes are analyzed in detail. The article includes graphical representations of key pollutants found in groundwater samples. Furthermore, the paper proposes solutions for improving groundwater quality, such as the adoption of modern technologies, raising public ecological awareness, and establishing sustainable resource management strategies. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific-methodological basis for addressing regional environmental problems.

In recent years, environmentalists have been increasingly focused on issues related to the impact  of bottom sediments formed during long-term discharge of industrial wastewater on water quality in water bodies. Bottom sediments can accumulate significant amounts of trace elements of natural and anthropogenic origin,  actively shaping the water quality of water bodies. The tendency of accumulation of copper, iron, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, mercury and other trace elements in the bottom sediments of rivers in the area of emissions from copper-nickel and copper smelters has been  is established.

The article examines the main global environmental problems caused by human activities: environmental pollution (including air pollution), climate change, loss of biodiversity, land degradation, and depletion of natural resources. The causes of these problems and their consequences for nature and humanity are analyzed, and potential solutions are proposed - from individual actions to international cooperation. The material emphasizes the importance of a conscious attitude toward the environment for achieving a sustainable future for the planet.

In the article, the biodiversity of leeches distributed in the rivers of the Fergana Valley was analyzed using the Shannon index. In the results, it was found that the average indicator is in the Kara Darya, Syr Darya, Ak Bura rivers, and the low indicator is in the Sokh, Govasay, Kosonsay, Isfayramsay, Maylisay rivers.

The long stay of a large number of students in classes leads to the accumulation of anthropogenic substances and microorganisms. The concept of health reflects the quality of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions and is the result of human interaction with it. Hygienic assessment of microclimate parameters of school classrooms is the basis for predicting the health status and performance of students.

The number of archaeological sites in our country has been sharply declining in recent years. Unlike other archaeological sites, ancient rock art is considered to be at high risk of extinction due to the influence of anthropogenic factors. Ancient rock paintings are an integral part of nature, and preserving them from human influence is considered a very pressing issue. Rock and cave paintings are an open-air museum. Therefore, the issue of preserving them and bringing them to the attention of the general public in the form of museums and reserves is considered relevant.

The innovative path of human development is characterized by the active use of information technology in any field. This is due to the rapid development of high technologies and, accordingly, with the advent of new data analysis tools. One of the rapidly developing areas of application of information technology, to which there is great interest in society, the state, commercial organizations, is high-quality forecasting.

Terrain relief—the spatial configuration of Earth’s solid surface—constitutes the fundamental template upon which climatic, biotic and anthropogenic processes play out. Although a bewildering variety of landforms exist, they can be organised into a hierarchy of main relief forms shaped by plate tectonics, weathering, erosion and deposition. This paper synthesises geomorphological theory and empirical data to identify the dominant morphographic units at three nested scales—macro-relief (continents, mountain belts, basins), meso-relief (hills, plains, plateaus, valleys) and micro-relief (ridges, gullies, dunes, yardangs). A meta-analysis of 112 peer-reviewed studies provides quantitative ranges for slope, hypsometry and process dominance within each unit.

The innovative path of human development is characterized by the active use of information technology in any field. This is due to the rapid development of high technologies and, accordingly, with the advent of new data analysis tools. One of the rapidly developing areas of application of information technology, to which there is great interest in society, the state, commercial organizations, is high-quality forecasting.

This article examines the characteristics of the soil cover in the Jizzakh region, including its formation, major environmental issues, and modern methods of study and monitoring using geoinformation technologies (GIS). The processes of soil formation influenced by climate, relief, and anthropogenic factors, as well as the impact of irrigation systems on soil composition, are described. Special attention is paid to methods of soil mapping and spatial data analysis, which allow for a more accurate assessment of soil degradation and the development of effective soil restoration measures. The study is based on an analysis of scientific sources, remote sensing data, and GIS cartography.

The article analyzes the composition of species, leading groups, spectrum of families, and taxonomic composition of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Bukhara region and adjacent water basins. In Bukhara region and adjacent water basins, 2 groups, 3 families, and 9 species of  2 large groups of fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan were found. Fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the most important objects of biological diversity. Various biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors have a negative effect on fish included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The study of the state of health of children and adolescents under the influence of the environment is the leading direction of modern hygienic research.This is caused, on the one hand, by the increasing anthropogenic impact on nature and the associated deterioration of the ecological situation, on the other hand, by the emergence of a complex of new, mainly technogenic environmental factors - xenobiotics that can have a significant effect on humans, especially in the early stages of development of body systems. The most sensitive to the effects of both negative and positive environmental factors are children and adolescents.