The article discusses the main bacterial infections of the eyes of newborns transmitted through the birth canal of the mother. They are gonoblennorrhea and chlamydial conjunctivitis, which cause Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D-K), respectively. We have conducted a systematic qualitative review of publications on the topic of interest to us. The selection criteria were methodological recommendations that help to critically evaluate publications. Clinical features, criteria of differential diagnosis, methods of laboratory diagnostics, tactics of prevention and treatment of these diseases at the present stage are presented..