This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of rational pharmacotherapy in the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Ischemic heart diseases mainly include angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, post-infarction cardiosclerosis, chronic heart failure, acute heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and coronary insufficiency. The most common forms are angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is considered a major complication of the disease.The study examines the clinical efficacy, safety, and principles of using antianginal, antithrombotic, diuretic drugs, cardiac glycosides, ACE inhibitors, lipid-lowering agents, and medications affecting the neurohormonal system. In addition, issues such as individualized treatment approaches, limitation of polypharmacy, and pharmacoeconomic efficiency are discussed. The results obtained demonstrate that rational pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role in improving the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease.

Prevention of coronary heart disease is a series of complex measures aimed at preventing the onset of the disease, the development and occurrence of possible (predictable) complications, which can be even fatal. Prevention of coronary heart disease is indicated for both sick people and healthy people who are at risk of developing the disease. Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease are shown non-drug treatment, which is a complete or partial elimination of risk factors. Risk factors are any predisposing factors that increase the likelihood of developing or worsening a disease. Risk factors for coronary heart disease are fundamentally divided into removable and non-removable.

The article analyses the yearly growing number of deaths from cardiovascular disease on the planet, the non-communicable diseases representing the main part of morbidity and premature deaths of including the ischemic heart disease, the morbidity from ischemic heart disease and the role of risk factors in the increase in death, the risk levels of different risk factors in the development of ischemic disease and death, separately and in combination.

The article analyses the yearly growing number of deaths from cardiovascular disease on the planet, the non-communicable diseases representing the main part of morbidity and premature deaths of including the ischemic heart disease, the morbidity from ischemic heart disease and the role of risk factors in the increase in death, the risk levels of different risk factors in the development of ischemic disease and death, separately and in combination

This article discusses ischemic heart disease (IHD) as one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. The causes, mechanisms of development, and modern diagnostic and treatment methods are examined. Today, special attention is paid to innovative technologies in diagnostics. Such medical advances increase treatment efficiency and improve prognosis for patients.

This article provides a more detailed discussion of the causes of Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension. Nowadays, these diseases are increasingly common, especially among people over the age of 40. Various factors contribute to the onset and progression of Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension, including age, genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and both mental and physical stress.

This article analyzes the clinical features of the course and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in coronary heart disease (CHD) in men at a young and old age. The study included 230 patients with coronary artery disease. All patients depending on age were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group included 126 young patients, the 2nd group included 104 elderly patients. The main diagnostic methods were patient interviews, ECG, Holter monitoring. According to the results of the study, it was found that the occurrence of anginal attacks from 6 to 8 times during the day was observed in 85 (67.5%) patients of the 1st group, in 82 (78.8%) patients in the 2nd group, which indicated about the severity of the disease

Cardiac rehabilitation is a complex intervention that seeks to improve the functional capacity, wellbeing and health-related quality of life of patients with heart disease. A substantive evidence base supports cardiac rehabilitation as a clinically effective and cost-effective intervention for patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and after coronary revascularization. In this Review, we discuss the major contemporary challenges that face cardiac rehabilitation. Despite the strong recommendation in current clinical guidelines for the referral of these patient groups, global access to cardiac rehabilitation remains poor. The  pandemic has contributed to a further reduction in access to cardiac rehabilitation. An increasing body of evidence supports home-based and technology-based models of cardiac rehabilitation as alternatives or adjuncts to traditional centre-based programmes, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, in which cardiac rehabilitation services are scarce, and scalable and affordable models are much needed.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in Uzbekistan. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of IHD risk factors, including socio-economic, behavioral, medical, and environmental aspects. Based on the analysis of more than 30 scientific articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, as well as studies by Uzbek, Russian, and foreign authors, current trends are examined, key problems are identified, and strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of IHD in Uzbekistan are proposed.

Changes in trimethylamine-N-oxide in relation to age and gender differences were determined in patients with ischemic heart disease.

The paper presents statistical data, including the situation in Uzbekistan, as well as the results of the analysis of retrospective data of 250 patients treated with various methods. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of invasive and non-invasive methods of treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in terms of clinical results, safety and prognosis. The results show that invasive methods demonstrate better short-term outcomes, while non-invasive methods remain significant in patients with mild and moderate forms of the disease. The best results are achieved with a combined approach.

The mathematical modeling of the oxygen and nutrient transportation in blood arteries C_blood (x,t) is investigated in this study and creating program by using Python and Google Colab for observing. Developing a mathematical model that explains blood flow and the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients over the walls of blood arteries in tissues takes front stage. The model considers the physical characteristics of the circulatory system as well as their interaction with the body's tissues: pressure, blood flow velocity, concentrations of oxygen O (x,t) and nutrients N(x,t). The primary objective of the effort is to construct an efficient model that will improve the knowledge of hemodynamic processes and support the evolution of techniques for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment. Many cardiovascular and systemic disorders may be linked to hampered oxygen and nutrient movement in blood vessels. Often involving disturbed blood flow, limited oxygen availability to tissues, or poor nutrient diffusion, these disorders cause major health problems. Some important diseases connected to such disabilities are: Atherosclerosis, Ischemic Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease), Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Heart Failure, Anemia, Septic Shock, Vascular Dementia.

The purpose of the review was to study certain aspects of the effect of tobacco smoking on the state of the cardiovascular system, microvasculature in young healthy people and patients with ischemic heart disease. Certain aspects of drug therapy for coronary heart disease in smokers are also considered. Patients and the effectiveness of the use of antianginal drugs from the group of β-blockers. States microcirculatory bed and the effect of tobacco smoking on it by biomicroscopy of the vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva is poorly understood to date.

The article discusses approaches to the choice of antithrombotic therapy (AT) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) both in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable forms, including those who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Determination of the regimens and duration of AT depend on the form of CHD, the risk of bleeding, and the anatomy of the implanted stents in the coronary arteries. In the composition of AT in modern regulatory documents, any oral anticoagulant is recommended for patients with CHD and AF: vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin inhibitor - dabigatran, selective factor Xa inhibitors of coagulation - rivaroxaban, apixaban.

Stable ischaemic heart disease is a frequent and very heterogeneous condition. Drug therapy is important, in these patients, for improving their prognosis and controlling their symptoms. The typical clinical manifestation of obstructive coronary disease is angina pectoris. This symptom can be improved by various classes of compounds, namely beta-blockers (BBs), calcium antagonist, and nitrates. More recently, ranolazine and ivabradine have been introduced. All these drugs have been proven to reduce significantly angina. On the other hand, there are no evidences supporting improvement in prognosis, besides for the use of BBs, in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) or systolic dysfunction. Besides drugs for symptoms control, these patients also receive antiplatelet drugs, specifically aspirin, and lipid lowering compounds such as statins.

A cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study was performed at an outpatient clinic in Moscow. A total of 805 patients (mean age 68.9±9.9 years, 51.4% men) with a diagnosis of stable coronary heart disease were included. Demographic, medical history, and pharmacotherapy data were recorded. Physician adherence was assessed based on the degree of compliance of actually prescribed medication with the main provisions of clinical guidelines (class I). A pharmacotherapeutic index of compliance with clinical guidelines (PICCG) was proposed, calculated using the all-or-nothing approach and taking into account contraindications. To analyze adherence predictors, the patient population was divided into two groups based on the PICCG assessment.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent nosological form, which is characterized by limitation of the air flow rate associated with the pathological inflammatory process in the lungs. This disease is one of the most common diseases in the world, its prevalence in different countries is from 6% to 26%. causes complications. Currently, special attention is paid to the study of OSOK risk factors, including urban air pollution, an increase in the amount of industrial dust, age, smoking, infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, their frequent exacerbations, obstructive lung. the condition of the disease is getting worse. In clinical practice, there are no standards for identifying comorbidities, treating physicians are not always focused on the search for concomitant pathology, which leads to late detection of cardiovascular pathology , as a result of which complications and mortality increase.

Despite the widespread introduction of modern diagnostic technology, the appearance of a large number of medications, the problem of verification and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains very urgent. In particular, issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease during its exacerbation, the development of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden death (VS) are of particular importance.The review presents data on progressive angina pectoris - exacerbation of chronic ischemic heart disease. The risk of sudden death and myocardial infarction in such patients is higher than in those with stable angina.

In the Fergana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where about 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture, epidemiological studies on IHD in connection with the combination of risk factors among rural men and women of working age have not been carried out, which makes it impossible to fully assess the epidemiological situation in our region. The aim of the research was to study the epidemiological conditions in relation to IHD in connection with ICT and other risk factors.

Inflammation plays an important role in several stages of the cardiovascular continuum. In recent decades a plethora of studies have provided new data highlighting the role of inflammation in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis in two-way interactions with various cardiovascular risk factors and further influencing these dynamic processes. The concept of targeting residual inflammatory risk among individuals with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is therefore gaining increasing attention. In the present article, we aim to present a pragmatic overview of the complex interplay between inflammation and IHD, and to critically appraise the current evidence on this issue while presenting future perspectives on this topic of pivotal contemporary interest.

This paper examines the impact of medico-social factors on the quality of life of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). IHD is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, and its consequences significantly affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of patients. The study aims to analyze such medico-social factors as access to healthcare, education level, social support, economic status, and psycho-emotional state. Surveys and interviews were conducted with patients, which allowed for the identification of key aspects influencing their quality of life. The results show that insufficient access to medical services and low levels of social support negatively affect the health status and overall quality of life of patients with IHD.

 Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a dominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, leading to significant healthcare burdens. One of the most debilitating manifestations of CAD is ischemic heart disease (IHD), where the heart muscle is deprived of adequate oxygen due to the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries.

The clinical examination data and laboratory-instrumental study results were analyzed in 113 women with chest pain complaints in inpatient treatment, who were divided into two groups: the first group included 60 (53%) of patients with IHD combined with climacteric cardiopathy, and the second comparison group included 53 (47%) patients with IHD. It was discovered that in patients with IHD and climacteric cardiopathy, there was an increase in BMI, the presence of abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus was more frequently detected and had a longer, unfavorable course, all of which contributed to an unfavorable course, progression, and development of cardiovascular disasters.

Coronary artery disease is an acute or chronic damage to the heart muscle, which is caused by the reduction or cessation of blood supply to the myocardium as a result of pathological currents in the coronary artery system.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It results from an acute interruption of coronary blood flow, leading to ischemia and irreversible necrosis of myocardial tissue. This article reviews the current understanding of the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies for myocardial infarction, with an emphasis on early reperfusion therapy and secondary prevention.