This article shows three methods of studying the meanings of words – reference theory, component analysis and postulates of
meaning based on the analysis of different examples. In the process of translation, the fact that the translator does not understand the meaning of the word in the context of the original language, but the meaning of the word itself, causes problems such as the wrong translation of this word in the translation. It is this research that helps to overcome such a problem. The following results are presented in the research: reference theory cannot give the full meaning of the word, it is used together with the component analysis, the two analysis methods cannot give the meaning of the word in the context. The third - the method of analysis of meaning forms can determine the pragmatic and semantic features of the word, and this is convenient for the translator.

This article deals with proper names and their meaning, which became the field, where the most heated debates originate and in which specialist on linguistic and logic take place. The world of proper names is enormous. The problem of proper names is complicated and unsolved yet, linguists are interested in entity of proper names, its status, history, origin, their life in society and connection between a name and a human. Anthroponymy is investigated not only by linguists, but also other specialists, for instance by ethnographers, who study folks as communities with a distinctive culture. The issue of existence or absence of lexical meaning and   three concepts of proper names are considered in this article. Additionally, four components in the meaning of proper names are analyzed.

This article is devoted to different stylistic devices to express emotive meaning in oral speech. There are different types of stylistic devices which are lexical and phonetical that we use in our usage of language. It is important to know meanings of used different devices. This article deals with understanding various devices according to the meaning in people’s daily speech.

From the standpoint of current linguistics, phraseological units may be classified based on their distinct characteristics. Phraseological units are classified based on their etymological, structural-semantic, and motivational-level significance, as well as which word group they are represented by in linguistic works. The wealth of Uzbek phraseology is as rich in national and borrowed, terminological and non-terminological units as the resource of English phraseology. Phraseological units, structural-semantic meaning, motivational level meaning, terminological units, and non-terminological units are key terms.

A verb metaphor gives the substitute subject verb new meaning by describing the action in a different way.  This might be a jump to a related topic that enhances the intended meaning. It could also be done in purposeful contrast. Adverbial metaphors can further enrich verbal metaphors, which give action descriptions more nuance. Finding the vehicle first, then illustrative acts may be used to generate verb metaphors. As a result, verbs from the metaphor domain like "rickety" and "racy" may be employed to describe someone who has been transformed into an automobile. When the meaning and the metaphor diverge, this might be a purposeful, cynical contrast meant to draw attention to how the intended meaning is highlighted by contrast. In ordinary speech, a large number of verbs are metaphors. Therefore, despite its widespread use, "cutting someone off" does not actually signify cutting.[1:86]

Phraseological turnover conveys the figurative meaning of the entire turnover as a whole, resulting from the original meanings of words in various free combinations. In this article, phraseological units with the meaning "Madness" are considered from the point of view of a broad approach, that is, they include all groups of language units, as well as stable predicative phrases that have a figurative and expressive meaning.

Our modern rapidly developing society requires to exchange the relationship around the world ,a part of this in the sphere of comparative translation. As for the verbs indicating the part of the body used to make the movement is one of the huge parts of the language translation. In this article we are going to observe the translation system of English and Uzbek languages and the analyses of scientists of this sphere.

This article aims to research common and different aspects of affirmative and negative sentences in Uzbek and Turkish languages. First of all, the problem of definition and interpretation of words in Uzbek and Turkish linguistics, which express the meaning of affirmation and negation in the compared languages, was studied. Then the adverbs and compounds that form negative sentences in both languages ​​were compared and studied. In some situations, it is noted that the form of affirmative sentences expresses the negative meaning, and negative sentences express the affirmative meaning. That is, it was observed that in the affirmative and negative sentences of the compared languages, semantic-formal inconsistency sometimes appeared in the structure of the text. The article uses the methods of analysis, comparison, synthesis, generalization, description. As a result of the research, the common and different features of grammatical additions and tools forming affirmative and negative sentences in Uzbek and Turkish languages ​​were studied. Also, the means of forming affirmative and negative sentences, which ensure the inconsistency of affirmation and negation from a semantic and formal point of view, are described.

Phraseologism, phraseological turn or phraseme is a stable phrase characteristic of a certain language, the meaning of which is not determined by the meaning of the individual words that make up its composition. Phraseological units are studied by phraseology. Often the grammatical meaning of phraseological units does not meet the norms of the modern language, but is grammatical archaisms. Examples of such expressions in Russian would be: “stay on your toes”, “kick back”, “fight back”, “play the fool”, “point of view”, “without a king in your head”, “soul to soul”, “sewn by whites” threads" and the like.

Proverbs are phrases or sentences created by the people on the basis of life experience, which usually have an instructive content, have a concise image, complete meaning and wisdom. The more we study these proverbs and sayings, the less we learn them, because through proverbs we feel the whole life activity of our ancestors, their feelings, dreams and thoughts, and draw conclusions from them as necessary. Also, among our proverbs, we use numbers and quantities as examples and comparisons to express our effectiveness. This article is based on a number of scientific observations about proverbs expressing number and quantity, their meaning, content, and use.  

The article researches the fact that phraseological units are considered in three directions: as part of the semantic, structured, expressive stylistic system, the basis of the formation of which are different linguistic processes. Phraseological expressions are only phrases with literal the value of the components. The phraseological expressions include numerous English proverbs and sayings that apply in the literal sense, do not have a figurative allegorical meaning The subject of the article is semantic and structural properties, phraseological units, with the meaning of human intelligence. Article also provides the study the concept of "phraseological unit" and its main characteristics, consider the existing classifications of phraseological units.

Ushbu maqoladа o‘zbek leksemasining assotsiativ ma’no xususiyati ochib berildi. O‘zbek tili egalari ustida o‘tkazilgan assotsiativ tajriba asosida ushbu so‘zning  lug‘aviy va assotsiativ ma’nolariga tavsif berildi. Assotsiativ tajriba asosida so‘z ma’nolarining til egalari assotsiatsiyalarida voqelanishi dalillandi.

Words are divided into 4 types according to their form and meaning: homonyms, synonyms, antonyms, paronyms. From these units, synonyms and antonyms are combined according to their meaning, and homonyms and paronyms are combined according to their form. We will think about all this in this article.

Intonation, in phonetics, the melodic pattern of an utterance. It conveys differences of expressive meaning (e.g., surprise, anger, or delight), and it can also serve a grammatical function.Intonation is primarily a matter of variation in the pitch of the voice. In such languages as English, it is often accompanied by stress and rhythm to produce meaning. Tone is also a form of pitch modulation, but the term describes the use of pitch to differentiate words and grammatical categories.In many languages, including English, intonation distinguishes one type of phrase or sentence from another.

At first glance, it may seem that Fitrat revives the meaning of the word "art", the essence of art. What are the meanings of the word "good"? In fact, the word "art" used in our language has a wide range of meanings. For example, the word "art" has different meanings in each of the combinations such as "art of painting", "to master the art of pottery", "made with high art". Nevertheless, they have common points that unite the facets of meaning expressed by the word "art", which is that this word is related to the concepts of "beauty", "skill", "taste" in all three cases.

Ушбу  мақолада  Ўзбекистонда аралаш сайлов тизимининг жорий этилиши ва уни амалга ошириш механизмлари, аралаш сайлов тизими тушунчаси, моҳияти, мазмуни, сайлов комиссияларининг фаолиятини такомиллаштириш, сиёсий партияларнинг сайловларда иштироки, сайловларда номзодларни кўрсатиш тартиби, сайловчиларининг ярмидан кўпи  хотин-қизларни ташкил этиши, сиёсий партияларнинг “Аёллар қаноти” нинг асосий вазифалари, хотин-қизларнинг ижтимоий-сиёсий фаоллигини ошириш, ҳуқуқ ҳамда манфаатларини таъминлаш ва ҳимоя қилиш, уларнинг ижтимоий-сиёсий ислоҳотлардаги иштирокини фаоллаштириш, жамиятнинг ҳар бир жабҳасида уларнинг фаол иштирокини таъминлаш, яратилган шундай имкониятлар натижасида мамлакатимиз парламентида ва маҳаллий кенгашларда хотин-қизлар сони ва ҳиссаси тобора ортиб бораётганлигига доир масалалар таҳлил этилган.

These days it is widely believed that listening is the most important skill in language learning. While listening, most learners may face problems with comprehending the intended meaning of the listening input. The present article features several factors that create learners’ listening comprehension difficulties. Also, teachers ignore the importance of listening comprehension skill in their teaching classroom and focus more on teaching other skills of their learners. To prevent possible listening problems, this paper reviews some causes of the issue and offers three types of strategies to develop listeners’ comprehension abilities

The relevance of this article is determined by the need to determine the main features and meaning of Karakalpak presented in updated concepts in specific genre texts such as folktales and described based on secular conceptual linguistic analyses. Taking into account the meaning and content of the linguistic and cultural analysis of Karakalpak folk tales the essence of the linguistic image of the world of Karakalpak folk tales is the product of the environment of self-awareness and the linguistic thinking activity of the linguistic personality of the period when the genre of folk tales was effective and fairy texts existed. Linguistic views reflected in the results of linguistic and cultural analysis in Karakalpak folk tales are mainly helps to trace the history of the linguistic picture of the world reflected in dynamics and reflected in existence. Karakalpak the unique essence of fairy tales is one of the most important genres for humanity.

This article explores the fascinating process of semantic change, providing examples of words whose meanings have evolved over time. It delves into the various reasons behind these shifts, such as cultural developments, technological advances, and linguistic borrowing. The article also highlights the impact of semantic change on language comprehension and communication. Overall, the piece offers valuable insights into the dynamic nature of language and the ways in which words continually transform in meaning..

Статья посвящена роли грамматики как раздела языкознания, изучающего структуру языка и правила его функционирования. В статье рассматриваются основные аспекты грамматики, ее значение в общении и формировании смысловых посланий. Особое внимание уделяется понятию грамматического значения слова, которое зависит от его формы и контекста.

This article explores the similarities and differences between English idioms and Uzbek phrases. It highlights how these linguistic expressions reflect the culture, traditions, and worldview of their respective speakers. The author analyzes the structure, meaning, and usage of idioms in both languages, offering examples to illustrate their contextual nuances. The article also examines challenges in translating idioms due to cultural specificity and linguistic differences. It provides insights into how idioms enrich communication and serve as a bridge for understanding cultural diversity. This comparative study is valuable for linguists, language learners, and cultural enthusiasts.

These days it is widely believed that listening is the most important skill in language learning. While listening, most learners may face problems with comprehending the intended meaning of the listening input. The present article features several factors that create learners’ listening comprehension difficulties. Also, teachers ignore the importance of listening comprehension skill in their teaching classroom and focus more on teaching other skills of their learners. To prevent possible listening problems, this paper reviews some causes of the issue and offers three types of strategies to develop listeners’ comprehension abilities

Metaphor used to be regarded as the rhetorical figure par excellence, but it has now come to be seen as one of the foundations of all language and its use, being constitutive of meaning, normal, grounded in experience, and offering guidance to linguistic expression. The new view holds that metaphor may still be exploited for rhetorical purposes, but stylistic approaches to metaphor in style also examine less deliberate patterns of usage. Manifestations of metaphor vary across linguistic form, meaning, and function, and may be described with reference to specific utterances as well as to more general patterns of language use.

This article analyzes the unique aspects of idioms in English and Uzbek and the important points about idioms. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning does not come from the sum of the meanings of the words in it. Idiomatic expressions are mainly used in everyday communication. Such phrases are quickly memorized and functionally equivalent. They also serve to express feelings beautifully.

Intonation is very important in communication as it gives information beyond just the basic meaning of the words. It can express the speaker's attitude or feeling about something, as well as giving grammatical information (such as distinguishing between a statement and a question).In linguistics, intonation is variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse.