As the demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials grows, there is an increasing interest in developing biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). This article explores the incorporation of natural fibers as reinforcement in PLA composites to enhance their mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. According to the result of the research, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable materials by providing insights into the mechanical properties, processing techniques, and environmental impact of PLA composite materials reinforced with natural fibers. The findings offer a valuable foundation for further research and development in the quest for environmentally conscious alternatives to traditional plastic materials.

Traditional reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Characteristics of polymeric fiber materials

Часто при обследовании поврежденных железобетонных зданий отмечалась низкая прочность бетона ошибки в установке и стыковании арматуры, отсутствие или малое количество хомутов и т.д. В результате каркасное здание из монолитного железобетона может обрушиться.

This article provides an in-depth overview of the development of artificial intelligence (AI), its key technologies, and its significance in our lives. AI encompasses a collection of technologies designed to replicate certain human cognitive functions through computer systems. The article explores the history of AI, its current state, core methodologies, applications across various fields, and future potential. Specific examples highlight AI's impact in sectors such as healthcare, transportation, education, security, and social media. By analyzing the economic, social, and cultural influences of AI, the article emphasizes the critical role of this technology in shaping the future.

Anthropogenic (technogenic) factors such as blasting, excavation sequencing, equipment-induced vibrations, and poorly designed drainage systems significantly influence pit slope deformation in large-scale open-pit mining operations. This study presents a detailed investigation of these influences at the Kalmakir copper mine in Uzbekistan. Using field data, geotechnical instrumentation, and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) via PLAXIS 2D, the stress redistribution and displacement patterns under various mining activities were analyzed. The results indicate that uncontrolled blasting and excavation without proper phasing contribute most to instability. Recommendations include optimized blast timing, vibration monitoring, phased excavation, and reinforcement strategies.

This article explores the unique speech patterns exhibited by men and women in Eastern cultures, with a specific focus on Turkey and Central Asia. It examines the impact of historical, cultural, and societal factors on the linguistic variations observed in these regions. The article highlights differences in lexicon, tone, pitch, and nonverbal communication, shedding light on how gender roles and expectations shape speech patterns. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of these speech patterns on literature and cultural expressions, emphasizing the representation of gendered characters and the reinforcement of cultural norms and gender dynamics in Eastern cultures.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing cybersecurity by enabling advanced threat detection, predictive analytics, and automated responses. However, its misuse for sophisticated cyberattacks has raised significant concerns. This study explores AI's dual role, presenting algorithms and models that power defensive and offensive AI applications. Mitigation strategies are discussed to balance these challenges.

The relentless evolution of cyber threats, from ransomware to advanced persistent threats (APTs), has exposed the limitations of traditional cybersecurity approaches. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a cornerstone technology, offering sophisticated tools for threat detection, predictive analytics, automated response, and threat intelligence. By leveraging machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, AI enables adaptive and scalable defenses against increasingly complex attacks. This article provides an in-depth exploration of AI’s transformative role in cybersecurity, detailing its applications, addressing challenges such as adversarial attacks, data biases, and ethical concerns, and envisioning future advancements. Through a comprehensive analysis, it underscores AI’s potential to fortify digital ecosystems while highlighting the need for robust strategies to mitigate its limitations.

This scientific article provides an extensive evaluation of ChatGPT, an advanced language model developed by OpenAI. With the ability to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses, ChatGPT has garnered significant attention for its potential to revolutionize human-computer interactions. However, we also shed light on the limitations and ethical concerns associated with such technology to initiate a discussion on its responsible implementation

Educational games offer a unique opportunity for learners to practice language skills in authentic contexts, providing immediate feedback and reinforcement. The study explores various types of games, including digital simulations, role-playing activities, and language puzzles, to assess their effectiveness in improving vocabulary acquisition, grammar comprehension, and communication proficiency.

This article explores the effectiveness of using movies and cartoons as tools for enhancing English language acquisition, particularly in ESL and EFL contexts. Grounded in cognitive and socio-cultural theories of language learning, the study demonstrates how audio-visual media provide rich, authentic input that supports vocabulary development, listening comprehension, pronunciation, and cultural competence. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of learner responses and performance, the research finds that learners exposed to curated films and animated content over a 10-week period showed significant improvement in listening skills (by 32%), vocabulary retention (by 27%), and pronunciation accuracy (by 21%) compared to those receiving traditional instruction. The use of contextualized language, emotional engagement, and visual reinforcement in movies and cartoons makes them highly effective for immersive learning. The article concludes by offering practical strategies for integrating this approach into classroom teaching and independent study routines. 

Orthodontic treatment introduces mechanical challenges in the oral cavity that can hinder effective plaque control and increase the risk of gingival inflammation and enamel demineralization. This theoretical review examines the development and assessment of individualized oral hygiene measures tailored for orthodontic patients. Evidence-based strategies, including modified brushing techniques, interdental cleaning tools, fluoride supplementation, dietary guidance, and behavioral interventions, are discussed. The review highlights the importance of patient-specific protocols, continuous evaluation, and professional reinforcement to optimize oral health outcomes during orthodontic therapy. The findings provide a conceptual framework for designing effective, individualized hygiene programs.

Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a powerful tool transforming industries through its ability to learn from data and make intelligent decisions. This paper explores the fundamentals of machine learning, including its definitions, key concepts, and mechanisms. It delves into the various types of machine learning, such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and examines the algorithms that drive these methodologies. The paper also discusses practical applications across different sectors, the challenges associated with machine learning, and the ethical considerations it entails. Finally, it provides insights into the future prospects of machine learning, highlighting its potential to revolutionize fields like healthcare, finance, and transportation.

Mashinani o‘rganish (Machine Learning, ML) — bu kompyuter tizimlariga ma'lumotlardan o‘rganish va ularga asoslanib qarorlar qabul qilishni avtomatlashtirishga imkon beruvchi soha. Ushbu texnologiya, sun'iy intellektning rivojlanishida muhim o‘rin tutadi va turli sohalarda qo‘llaniladi, jumladan, tibbiyot, moliya, marketing va transport. Mashinani o‘rganishning asosiy usullari: nazoratli o‘rganish, nazoratsiz o‘rganish, qarorlarni mustahkamlash o‘rganish, chidamlilikni tekshirish, generativ modellar, chuqur o‘rganish va boshqalar. Har bir usul turli xil ma'lumotlar va vazifalarga mos ravishda ishlatiladi. Bu maqola mashinani o‘rganishning asosiy usullarini tahlil qiladi va ularning amaliy qo‘llanilishini ko‘rsatadi.

First factor that shows human consciousness, complementary part of applied linguistics, the individual’s behavior, lawyer’s discourse, forensic linguistics, the legal and judicial consultation.

This study investigates the dual roles of repetition in ordinary spoken discourse by focusing on both its semantic and pragmatic dimensions. Grounded in current linguistic theorising, it examines how speakers in natural everyday interactions deploy repetition to serve meaning-relations (semantics) as well as interactional or contextual functions (pragmatics). A small empirical investigation was conducted in the city of Kokand in the Fergana Region of Uzbekistan, during which 20 informal conversational exchanges among native Uzbek speakers were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed. The analysis identifies several recurrent patterns of repetition: lexical repetition (the same word or phrase repeated), phrasal repetition (a clause or segment reiterated), and echo-repetition (respondent repeats interlocutor’s phrase). Semantically, repetition often contributes to emphasis, clarification or lexical anchoring, while pragmatically it supports turn-taking, interactional repair, discourse cohesion and conversational alignment. For example, speakers frequently repeat a key noun phrase to signal contrast or to maintain topic continuity, and they echo partner’s utterance to confirm understanding or to invite elaboration. The findings suggest that repetition is not merely a redundant feature of informal speech, but a functional device combining semantic reinforcement and pragmatic coordination. Implications are drawn for teaching conversational skills in Uzbek and for further cross-linguistic comparison of repetition’s functional load in everyday talk.

This paper explores the international legal framework surrounding institution of entering into a plea agreement. It examines key international documents, such as the UN Convention against Corruption and the International Convention against Corruption in the Public Sector, to analyze principles, mechanisms, strengths, and weaknesses inherent in the global fight against corruption. Additionally, it discusses the necessity of further refining international legal mechanisms to ensure effective protection of societal interests and the reinforcement of legal order at both national and international levels. The study underscores the significance of ongoing academic inquiry into this crucial aspect of global governance and highlights avenues for enhancing international cooperation in combating corruption.

Mashinani o‘rganish (Machine Learning, ML) — bu kompyuter tizimlariga ma'lumotlardan o‘rganish va ularga asoslanib qarorlar qabul qilishni avtomatlashtirishga imkon beruvchi soha. Ushbu texnologiya, sun'iy intellektning rivojlanishida muhim o‘rin tutadi va turli sohalarda qo‘llaniladi, jumladan, tibbiyot, moliya, marketing va transport. Mashinani o‘rganishning asosiy usullari: nazoratli o‘rganish, nazoratsiz o‘rganish, qarorlarni mustahkamlash o‘rganish, chidamlilikni tekshirish, generativ modellar, chuqur o‘rganish va boshqalar. Har bir usul turli xil ma'lumotlar va vazifalarga mos ravishda ishlatiladi. Bu maqola mashinani o‘rganishning asosiy usullarini tahlil qiladi va ularning amaliy qo‘llanilishini ko‘rsatadi.

Classroom management is one of the greatest challenges for new teachers, yet it is also one of the most important factors in creating a positive learning environment. This paper reviews research on strategies that help beginning teachers manage their classrooms more effectively. The article also discusses how reinforcement, differentiation, and mentorship can support novice teachers in building confidence and improving student outcomes.

This paper explores the international legal framework surrounding anti-corruption efforts. It examines key international documents, such as the UN Convention against Corruption and the International Convention against Corruption in the Public Sector, to analyze principles, mechanisms, strengths, and weaknesses inherent in the global fight against corruption. Additionally, it discusses the necessity of further refining international legal mechanisms to ensure effective protection of societal interests and the reinforcement of legal order at both national and international levels. The study underscores the significance of ongoing academic inquiry into this crucial aspect of global governance and highlights avenues for enhancing international cooperation in combating corruption.

Ushbu maqolada maktab oʻquvchilari uchun matematikani oʻqitishda masalalarning bajaradigan funksiyalari oʻrganilgan va bu mavzu ta’lim metodlari, pedagogika va didaktikaning zamonaviy yondoshuvlarida muhim oʻrin egallashini koʻrsatib o‘tadi.

This paper covers the ways of enhancing language proficiency of students through interactive games, challenges in using game process and ways of solving problems that language learners face in developing their language skills.

This article presents general guidelines for the design and calculation of technological lines. It includes the necessary calculations, technical requirements, and practical approaches to improve the efficiency of production processes and to ensure the optimal placement of equipment within bays. In addition, safety standards and the continuity of technological flows are taken into account in the organization of technological lines