Different approaches to the description of linguistic units, in particular, service words are being examined. The author substantiates the status of polyfunctional function words as a special class, identifies the criteria for including units in this class.The status of polyfunctional words as a special class is substantiated. The principles of description system of polyfunctionality, service words on on the basis of polyfunctionality/ polysemantics/monosemantics. It has been established that the proposed approach allows describing other units of the language system (service and full denominative), which meets the need for an integrative description of the language system.

The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-4884 dated November 6, 2020, established the introduction of a credit-module system in higher education and its gradual implementation in practice. This system is formed in accordance with international educational standards, in which students will have the opportunity to independently plan their educational paths, develop their interest in science, and acquire independent research skills. This plays an important role in preparing modern knowledge-capable, independent-thinking and initiative-taking specialists. Large-scale reforms are also being carried out in our republic to reform the higher education system, update its content and essence in line with the requirements of the times, and improve the quality of education, and the introduction of this system is recognized as one of the important stages in this direction.

This article explores the challenges facing the modern education system, alongside the opportunities and prospects for overcoming these obstacles. By identifying key issues and potential solutions, we can better understand how to navigate the evolving landscape of education. Moreover, this article is described modern types of innovative technology which is implemented in many spheres of education system.

Since the first years of independence in our country, the development of the educational system has been increasing to the level of public policy, our children have acquired modern knowledge and professions in conditions suitable to the world standards, ensuring the maturation of physically and spiritually mature people, realization of their abilities and talents, intellectual potential, perfection of loyalty and dedication to the In the last 5 years, the oily education system has also been making positive changes in the system as a result of many innovations and reforms. In this article, the reforms and innovations in the higher education system are analyzed and considered.

The basis of improving of education system in our republic is the transformation of the essence of the education system, also its formation on the basis of assimilation and application of progressive experience of developed countries, the usage of effective methods and new pedagogical technologies. One of such modernized foreign technologies is credit-modular system. Credit–modular training system is such an organization of the educational process which is based on the combination of modular training technologies and credit educational units (credits).

This article analyzes the political and legal aspects of the elections to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local councils, scheduled for October 27, 2024. The study examines the evolution of Uzbekistan's electoral system, the changes implemented within the framework of the 2023 constitutional reforms, and the effectiveness of the mixed electoral system. Additionally, it discusses the role of political parties in the elections, election campaigns, the involvement of international observers, and the compliance of the electoral process with international standards. The article compares Uzbekistan's electoral system with the practices of other countries, highlighting the social and economic impact of the elections and their contribution to strengthening democratic institutions. The research provides an analytical approach to the significance of ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan's political system and underscores the importance of these elections for the future of the country.

В данной научной статье представлен историко-научный анализ этапов становления и развития системы дошкольного образования в Узбекистане в 1920–1990-е годы. В статье рассматриваются образовательная политика советского правительства, создание первых детских садов, влияние экономических и социальных факторов в 1930–1950-е годы, процессы послевоенного восстановления и трансформация дошкольного образования в институциональную систему в 1960–1990-е годы. На основе исторических источников анализируются педагогические подходы, образовательные программы, методические пособия, система подготовки педагогических кадров, расширение сети дошкольных учреждений, характерные для той эпохи. В статье на научной основе рассматривается влияние политики советского периода на становление дошкольного образования в Узбекистане, раскрываются факторы, заложившие основу развития этой системы в последующие периоды.

The autonomic nervous system includes two parts - the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response during a threat or perceived danger, and the parasympathetic nervous system restores the body to a state of calm.

In contemporary world the usage of Learning Management Systems (LMS) plays a vital role particularly in foreign language learning and teaching. One of the widely used LMS is HEMIS which stands for Higher Education Management Information System. It has been used in higher education system for over 3 years. This work includes survey results which was held in Nukus State pedagogical institute in order to know the attitude of students towards implementation of HEMIS in foreign language learning and teaching. The outcome of the survey  states that this education management system is practical and potentially beneficial.

The introduction of fiscal policy transparency practices in the contemporary local financial management system is one of the prerequisites for increasing the socio-economic development of regions. Creating a transparent budget environment contributes to a faster and more effective solution to the region's current problems. The lack of a sufficient level of budgetary transparency is a consequence of poor public interest consideration, which impedes the realization of their own democratic aspirations and freedoms.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of the competency-based approach in the modern education system, its mechanisms of formation, and its role in international experience. In particular, the model of competency development, its advantages and practical results are analyzed using the example of the Singapore education system. Also, the process of competency formation in the Uzbek education system, existing opportunities and current problems are considered, and scientifically based proposals for their improvement are developed. The scientific novelty of the study is that it provides a comparative analysis of the theoretical aspects of competency-based education with local and foreign experience, and a harmonious conceptual approach is proposed.

In the years of independence, the educational system and education of a competent generation in the republic became the main priorities of the state policy. Improving the activities of pre-school education organizations serves as a basis for the effectiveness of activities in this field of education. According to the Decree No. PF-5198 dated September 30 , 2017 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh . Mirziyoy , preschool education is the primary link of the continuous education system. Being considered as a child, it is very important in raising a healthy and well-rounded child and preparing him for school.

concept of development of the preschool education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 ( hereinafter - the Concept ) of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on September 30 , 2018 "On measures to improve the management of the preschool education system" No. PQ-3955 was developed in order to implement the decision, and complex measures for the development of the preschool education system until 2030 includes. The decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to approve the concept of development of the preschool education system until 2030 was adopted .

Система внутреннего контроля обеспечивает надлежащий надзор за сохранностью активов, достоверностью финансовой отчетности и действиями должностных лиц акционерного общества в интересах его акционеров. Деятельность системы внутренного контроля подвержена рискам, которые могут существенно снизить ее эффективность. Поэтому, необходима идентификация рисков системы внутреннего контроля.

This article shows the concept of legal system and legal system and their characteristics, mutual relations between legal system and legal system, their place in jurisprudence, and their expression in social relations.

This article presents an overview of an automated decision-making system that utilizes big data analysis of network objects. The system collects a vast amount of data from network devices, preprocesses it, and applies various analytical techniques to extract insights and make automated decisions. The article discusses the importance of data quality, validation, and preprocessing, as well as model validation and evaluation. It emphasizes the role of domain expertise and human oversight in the decision-making process. Continuous monitoring, feedback loops, and regular system audits are highlighted as essential practices to ensure accuracy and reliability. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of user training and awareness for effective utilization of the system.

This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the nervous system, the body's intricate communication network. From its anatomical components to its main functions, the article navigates through the central and peripheral nervous systems, emphasizing their roles in sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive processes. Key neuroscientific concepts, disorders, and contemporary research are also discussed, making it a valuable resource for medical professionals, researchers, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the nervous system.

This article describes the formation of the credit-module system, its content, forms of process, the expected results of the system, the gradual transition to a credit-module system in Uzbekistan and compare classical module of assessment with the contemporary credit system.

The article shows the specific features of strategic management of the educational system in modern conditions, their understanding allows for the development of viable solutions. Based on the analysis, the author of the article determined the sequence of evolutionary series in the development of the management system. And on this basis, a new approach to education management is based - "management by tasks" is a special form of strategic approach to education management and is most suitable for the genesis of the management system. The argument of this article is adequate modern conditions for the development of the education management system. The author substantiates this with a number of cases that are objective today. Thus, the level of setting and solving problems can be considered as a parametric characteristic of the study of the evolution of educational management, which reveals the essence of the management strategy in a certain period of evolution.

This article analyzes the formation, objectives, and socio-political significance of the exile (forced deportation) system in the Bukhara Emirate during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, based on historical sources. In the Emirate, exile punishment was not limited to criminals but was also applied to political opponents, as well as individuals accused of religious or ethnic discord. The article explores the role of the Emirate's administrative structures in issuing exile decisions, the forms of punishment, designated exile regions, and the impact of this practice on local populations. Additionally, changes in the exile system in the context of relations with the Russian Empire are examined. The study is based on archival documents, and written accounts of foreign travelers and diplomatic representatives. Through this topic, the article reveals the unique characteristics of the Bukhara Emirate’s legal-political system and mechanisms of social control

В условиях реформирования системы сестринского образования в Узбекистане и перехода на четырёхлетнюю подготовку бакалавра особую актуальность приобретает повышение качества клинического обучения. Одной из моделей, направленных на совершенствование практической подготовки, является система прецепторства, предполагающая участие опытных клинических медсестёр в наставничестве и сопровождении студентов в условиях реальной клинической практики. Анализ их мнений позволяет получить объективное представление о текущем уровне осведомлённости, отношении к прецепторству и степени институциональной готовности к его применению в системе клинического обучения по сестринскому делу.

The growing IoT landscape demands embedded system architectures that balance performance and resource constraints. This study compares ARM Cortex-M, RISC-V, and ESP32 architectures in industrial automation and healthcare applications. Key metrics, including latency, power consumption, and throughput, were evaluated using benchmarks and real-world workloads. Results show ESP32 achieving TCP throughput of 12–15 Mbps and UDP throughput of 35–40 Mbps, ideal for wireless communication. ARM Cortex-M offers versatility, RISC-V excels in energy efficiency, and ESP32 leads in connectivity. These findings guide IoT system architects in selecting hardware tailored to specific requirements, advancing embedded IoT system design.

This article examines theoretical and practical problems associated with the application of the escrow system in civil legislation. While the escrow institution is widely used in international commercial practice, its successful implementation in national legal systems presents a number of difficulties. Within the framework of the research, the experience of legal regulation of the escrow system in various countries was analyzed, as well as the possibilities and obstacles to applying this institution in the civil legislation of Uzbekistan. The article analyzes the legal construction of the escrow mechanism, its impact on contractual and property relations, as well as features of application in dispute situations. The research results show that effective application of the escrow system requires creating a separate legislative base, regulating the activities of escrow agents, and improving dispute resolution mechanisms. The conclusion provides practical recommendations for implementing the escrow institution adapted to the civil legislation of Uzbekistan.

Integration is a relatively new approach in pedagogy, the introduction of which can increase the level of the educational process the rising generation. Integration in pedagogy and education is, first of all, the interaction of various elements of any systems in order to obtain something holistic, new. The concept of "system" in modern pedagogy can be used in different aspects, for example: educational institution as a system; educational system classes; the system of relationships between learners and teachers, etc.

The analysis and conclusions on ways to improve the mechanism of financing the higher education system in our country

This article explores the role and importance of the Just-in-Time (JIT) system and digital transformation in Uzbekistan's industrial development. The JIT system focuses on the efficient management of resources and timely delivery of products within production processes. Digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data, enhance the capabilities of the JIT system and improve the efficiency of industrial sectors. The article highlights the ongoing digitalization processes in Uzbekistan and practical examples of JIT system implementation. This research provides valuable recommendations for shaping strategies aimed at boosting the development and efficiency of digital industries in Uzbekistan.