This article discusses the function of the World Bank in promoting foreign direct investments (FDIs) through its various documents. The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to developing nations in order to promote their economic growth. FDI promotion is one of the methods the World Bank supports economic growth. This article examines the World Bank's documents outlining its approach to promoting FDIs, including its "World Bank Guidelines on the treatment of FDI" and " Foreign Direct Investment Strategy and Roadmap for Uzbekistan." The article also discusses how the World Bank's strategy for promoting FDIs aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the significance of FDIs in developing nations and how World Bank documents can serve as a guide for policymakers and investors interested in promoting sustainable economic development through FDIs.

Zamonaviy ishlab chiqarish korxonalarida xarajatlar hisobini yuritish tizimining tanlanishi narx belgilash, rentabellikni tahlil qilish va strategik qarorlar qabul qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu maqolada direct costing (o‘zgaruvchan xarajatlar) va absorption costing (to‘liq yutuvchi xarajatlar) tizimlarining nazariy asoslari, amaliy qo‘llanilishi va afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi. Adabiyotlar sharhi va empirik tadqiqotlar bu tizimlarning boshqaruv va moliyaviy hisobotdagi rolini yoritadi. PULP AND PAPER MCHJ misolida olib borilgan solishtirma tahlil har ikkala tizimning iqtisodiy asoslanganligini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, direct costing qisqa muddatli boshqaruv qarorlarini qabul qilishda va narx siyosatida samarali bo‘lsa, absorption costing tizimi moliyaviy hisobot va soliq hisoboti yuritishda zarurdir. Maqola O‘zbekistonning ishlab chiqarish sektorida ushbu tizimlarni gibrid shaklda qo‘llash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar bilan yakunlanadi.

This article discusses the function of the World Bank in promoting foreign direct investments (FDIs) through its various documents. The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to developing nations in order to promote their economic growth. FDI promotion is one of the methods the World Bank supports economic growth. This article examines the World Bank's documents outlining its approach to promoting FDIs, including its "World Bank Guidelines on the treatment of FDI" and " Foreign Direct Investment Strategy and Roadmap for Uzbekistan." The article also discusses how the World Bank's strategy for promoting FDIs aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the significance of FDIs in developing nations and how World Bank documents can serve as a guide for policymakers and investors interested in promoting sustainable economic development through FDIs.

The data obtained on the study of technological and qualitative indicators of the antianginal tablets obtained by direct pressing are presented. The main criteria of the approach to the development of the composition and technology of antianginal tablets are briefly formulated.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a crucial driver of economic growth and structural transformation in emerging economies. However, the ability of these countries to attract and sustain foreign capital largely depends on the stability of their macroeconomic environment and the predictability of economic policies. This article examines the role of macroeconomic volatility and policy uncertainty as key determinants of FDI inflows in emerging markets.

This article is devoted to an analysis of the institutional mechanisms of charging in the criminal justice system, exemplified by the CPS Direct model operating within the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) of England and Wales, and to justifying the need to introduce a similar institution in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It examines the structural, functional, and procedural features of CPS Direct, including its role in ensuring prosecutorial independence, procedural efficiency, and a balance between the parties in the criminal process. Through comparative legal analysis, the article identifies the key shortcomings of the current charging regime in Uzbekistan, associated with the concentration of procedural functions, the limited autonomy of the prosecutor, and the risks of formalism in criminal prosecution. The author argues that the institutional separation of the investigative and prosecutorial functions, modeled on the CPS, can enhance the quality of criminal justice, strengthen guarantees of individual rights, and bring the national system closer to international standards of a fair trial. The article concludes with proposals for reforming the legislative regulation of the charging process..

The article analyzes the issues of improving the procedure for collecting direct taxes from commercial banks into the state budget. It examines taxation mechanisms, current legal frameworks, and international practices. Scientific proposals and recommendations are developed to optimize the tax burden on banks’ activities and to enhance tax administration.

Teaching writing effectively requires a range of approaches that address different learning goals and demands. These techniques include genre-based tactics, process-oriented procedures, and direct instruction. While process-oriented approaches place more emphasis on the processes of drafting, rewriting, and editing, direct instruction concentrates on the explicit teaching of writing norms and practices. Teaching pupils about various literary genres and their norms is a component of genre-based techniques. Every approach offers advantages of its own, adding to a whole writing program that improves students' capacity for effective and clear communication of ideas. The importance of these techniques and how they affect the development of skilled writers are examined in this abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of creation and functioning of industrial parks as platforms for development of interregional cooperation, a critical analysis of existing problems of lack of demand for land plots in the territory of free economic zones in the regions of Uzbekistan is given, approaches developed by the author are proposed for filling empty land plots of FEZ by attracting foreign direct investment in the construction and management of industrial parks in the territory of FEZ in the regions of Uzbekistan in connection with amendments to the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This thesis explores the speech strategies used to manipulate public opinion in English and Uzbek political discourse. The study proceeds from the view that political language is not a neutral channel of information but a strategic mode of communication through which politicians legitimize decisions, frame reality, construct solidarity, and direct public interpretation (van Dijk, 1997; Fairclough, 2015). Drawing on comparative discourse analysis, the research examines semantic and pragmatic devices such as evaluative vocabulary, pronoun choice, metaphor, presupposition, euphemism, and strategies of legitimation and delegitimation. The findings indicate that both discourse traditions share persuasive and ideological functions, yet they differ in rhetorical realization. English political discourse tends to be more explicit, contrastive, and debate-oriented, whereas Uzbek political discourse more often foregrounds social cohesion, collective identity, and ethical responsibility. The thesis argues that manipulative influence in political discourse is realized not only through direct argumentation but also through subtle framing devices that shape how events, actors, and values are interpreted by the audience.

The study examines the key determinants influencing the growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Uzbekistan's industrial sector through empirical analysis. The research investigates various economic, institutional, and policy factors that attract or deter international investors in the country's manufacturing and industrial development. Using statistical methods and econometric modeling, the study evaluates the relative importance of factors such as market size, labor costs, infrastructure quality, regulatory environment, and economic reforms in driving FDI flows. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance Uzbekistan's investment climate and industrial competitiveness. This analysis is particularly relevant given Uzbekistan's ongoing economic liberalization and its strategic goal of modernizing and diversifying its industrial base through increased foreign investment.

This research will give a succinct synopsis of the present economic situation in Uzbekistan, emphasizing both its advantages and disadvantages. By doing this, the framework for comprehending the possible effects of WTO membership will be established. The research will next examine the main points of contention about Uzbekistan's economic gains from WTO membership. Among the main topics that will be examined are improved foreign direct investment, expanded market access for Uzbek exports, and the drive for internal economic reforms. The research will not, however, downplay the possible difficulties that come with being a member of the WTO. We'll take a close look at the possibility of job losses in some industries as a result of growing import competition and the requirement for major changes to domestic policy.

This article explores the typology of English folk tales and their translation into Uzbek within the framework of modern educational technologies. It first classifies folk tales into major types—animal tales, magical tales, cumulative tales, realistic/novellistic tales, and humorous/anecdotal tales—highlighting their linguistic and cultural features. The study then examines direct and indirect translation strategies, the adaptation of cultural realia, and the preservation of rhythm, rhyme, and formulaic expressions across languages. The proposed approach not only enhances language learning efficiency but also fosters intercultural competence and critical thinking in students.

This review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved, those that remain unresolved, and future research directions. For the hepatitis A virus, we will address epidemiology, molecular surveillance, new susceptible populations, as well as environmental and food detections; for the hepatitis B virus, we will discuss host factors related to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and vaccine. Viral hepatitis, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, is a significant public health issue and a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality. As for the hepatitis D virus, we describe diagnostic methodology, pathogenesis, and therapy; for the hepatitis E virus, we will discuss epidemiology (including new emerging species), diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment, vaccine development, and environmental surveillance; and for the hepatitis C virus, we will concentrate on pathogenesis, immunological response, direct action antiviral treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation, problems associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, direct action antiviral resistance due to selection of resistance-associated variants and vaccination.

This article investigates English lexical borrowing in Korean and Karakalpak, examining its historical development, sociolinguistic motivations, and linguistic adaptation mechanisms. Grounded in language contact theory and borrowing typology, the study compares how English loanwords have entered and integrated into two typologically distinct languages under different sociopolitical conditions. In Korean, English borrowing has largely occurred through direct contact, particularly following U.S. influence after 1945, and has intensified in the era of globalization, digital media, and popular culture, giving rise to hybrid formations known as Konglish. In contrast, English-derived vocabulary in Karakalpak historically entered predominantly through Russian mediation during the Soviet period, while the post-independence era has seen increasing direct borrowing associated with market economy reforms and technological advancement.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini dolzarbligi, bu tilni o‘rganish uchun qanday metodlardan foydalanish kerakligi va shu metodlar qatorida Bevosita metodi (Direct Method) haqida to‘liq ma’lumotlar beriladi. Bu metodning asosiy prinsiplari –dars jarayonida ona tilidan foydalanmaslik, tilni tabiiy muhitda o‘rgatish, og‘zaki nutqni ustuvor rivojlantirish, so‘z va iboralar bevosita predmet yoki harakat orqali tushintirish kabi jihatlar yoritib beriladi. Maqolada bevosita metodning afzalliklari bilan bir qatorda uning cheklovlari ham ko‘rib cbiqilib, zamonaviy ta’lim jarayonida qo‘llash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar beriladi.

Fractures of the shaft of the tibia can result from a direct blow or a rotational force. Direct trauma frequently produces a transverse fracture or segmental fracture pattern, whereas rotational forces typically result in an oblique or spiral fracture.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the conceptual and legal classification of corruption-related crimes from theoretical, comparative, and practical perspectives. The author highlights the lack of a precise legal definition for the terms “corruption” and “corruption-related crime” in Uzbekistan’s legislation, which creates difficulties in proper legal qualification. International legal frameworks, including the UN Convention Against Corruption, the Council of Europe’s conventions, and CIS model laws, are examined alongside national legislation of countries such as Italy and Tajikistan. The article identifies key elements of corruption offenses, emphasizing the role of official position, motive of personal gain, and direct intent. A multi-level classification is proposed based on the offender’s legal status, affected object, and degree of social harm. The paper also addresses contemporary manifestations of corruption, such as lobbying, protectionism, nepotism, and misuse of public resources. It argues for the urgent development of a unified classification system and legal recognition of corruption offenses within the structure of the Uzbek Criminal Code, based on the principle of direct object interference.

This article talks about the methodology of teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan. The author, relying on philological data and written sources, studied the existing peculiarities on the subject, which made clarifications on the basis of existing scientific literature. The article presented four methods of learning foreign languages: the grammar and translation method, the direct method, the audiolingual method, and the communicative method. Each method has been described in terms of its characteristics and approaches to language teaching. Opinions from linguists have been included to offer a critical view on each method. The grammar and translation method emphasizes reading and writing, the direct method focuses on oral communication and natural language acquisition, the audiolingual method values repetition and memorization, while the communicative method values meaningful communication and social interaction. From the presentation of the methods and the opinions of linguists, it was possible to understand the implications of each method in the teaching of foreign languages.

Teaching a foreign language can be a challenging but rewarding job that opens up entirely new paths of communication to students. It’s beneficial for teachers to have knowledge of the many different language learning techniques including ESL teaching methods so they can be flexible in their instruction methods, adapting them when needed. Keep on reading for all the details you need to know about the most popular foreign language teaching methods. Some of the ones covered are the communicative approach, total physical response, the direct method, task-based language learning, suggestopedia, grammar-translation, the audio-lingual approach and more.

The article is devoted to various methods of teaching foreign languages in universities. Particular attention is paid to the following methods: the direct method, grammar-translation, audio-visual, audio lingual and communicative methods. Currently, there are many methods of learning a foreign language in higher education and each of them has certain features, some have greater popularity and demand while some have less. This article will discuss the main methods for students to learn English.

This article study applies benchmarking methods introduced by UNCTAD to analyze the investment potential of Uzbekistan`s regions. The study categorizes regions into four groups based on the FDI Performance and Potential Index values, indicating their performance relative to others. The qualitative analysis reveals front-runner regions with high FDI performance and potential, such as Bukhara and Tashkent city, as well as under performers like Khorezm and Namangan. Additionnaly, the study investigates the correlation between FDI and various independent variables using panel data models, such as fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE), considering factors such as market size, labor costs and internet access. The results provide valuable insights into the factors influencing  FDI variations across different regions in Uzbekistan. The regression output, including coefficients, t-statistics and significance levels, helps policymakers, investors, and steakholders identify key areas for development and attract foreign direct investment.

To restore teeth after endodontic treatment, direct or indirect restoration is used, but no common approaches are defined.

This paper studies foreign direct investment determinants of Uzbekistan. Different variables have been chosen according to the previous researches in this field. According to the results, market size and population growth have statistical significance to the FDI inflow of Uzbekistan. It is a very interesting process to discuss about the matter, which is related with the investment matters, which are positively seen as the key issue in terms of the appropriate awareness of the conceptual understanding of the economic processes.

Effective methods for teaching English play a critical role in ensuring successful language learning. As English becomes increasingly important for global communication, educators face the challenge of selecting the most effective teaching strategies. The strategic application of contemporary methodologies is currently proving valuable not only in language instruction but also across a range of other disciplines. This article examines different approaches to teaching English, assesses their effectiveness, and emphasizes the significance of choosing the right methods to enhance student outcomes. By analyzing modern techniques like communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and the direct method, the paper provides a deeper understanding of how these strategies facilitate language acquisition.