This article presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the aesthetic and social function of satire in both Uzbek and English literature. Despite the universal role of satire as a tool for critique and reform, the historical, cultural, and linguistic contexts of each tradition have shaped distinct stylistic and philosophical approaches to the genre. The study investigates how satire operates in different political and cultural frameworks, how it reflects ethical concerns, and how its artistic expressions evolve across time and media. Through the analysis of prominent figures like Alisher Navoi and Abdulla Qahhor in the Uzbek literary tradition, and Jonathan Swift, George Orwell, and Salman Rushdie in English literature, this article explores satire’s role as a dynamic medium of socio-political reflection and literary innovation.

Old English literature refers to the earliest period of English literary history, spanning approximately from the 5th to the mid-11th century. This era is marked by oral tradition, heroic poetry, biblical translations, and the development of the Anglo-Saxon language. This study explores the main characteristics, genres, themes, and representative works of Old English literature. Through literary and historical analysis, the research shows how Old English writings shaped the foundations of later English literature.

This article examines the influence of the Renaissance on English literature. It analyzes how the Renaissance influenced the form and content of literature through its humanism, the emergence of new genres and styles, the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture, and the development of human thought. The article cites the works of William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and other Renaissance writers as examples. At the same time, it shows that the Renaissance made the human psyche and individual experience a central theme in literature, and developed new genres (drama, sonnet, essay) and means of expression. The article will help researchers, students, and readers understand the role and significance of the Renaissance in the history of English literature.

This study delves into the influence of John Milton's Poetic Style on English Literature. John Milton's poetic style and its influence on English literature are characterized by their profound philosophical depth, majestic language, and enduring thematic resonance. As one of the greatest poets of the English Renaissance, Milton's works, particularly "Paradise Lost," have left an indelible mark on the literary landscape, shaping both the form and content of subsequent English literature.

English literature has been developed in some period. Each period has its own characteristics which portrayed the condition of the age. The period  of English literature is started from Old English until Modern English.  English literature becomes glorious when Queen Elizabeth I ruled  England. This age is known as Elizabethan period.

Taking a general English language course can offer numerous benefits. It can help you improve your communication skills, increase your confidence, become more culturally aware, expand your career opportunities, improve your academic performance, and achieve personal growth. English language helps to you speak more fluently when you go to foreign countries and also communicate with strangers without difficulties and misunderstandings. Utilizing English in the classroom is also beneficial for all pupils and students because their speech grows by speaking each other. Besides pupilsʼ speech is corrected by teachers during lesson if they use English whole lesson.The primary purpose of language is to communicate effectively, and spoken English empowers students to express themselves with clarity and confidence. A strong command of spoken English enables students to articulate their thoughts, ideas, and emotions precisely, both in the classroom and beyond.

The influence of French on the evolution of the English language represents one of the most decisive phases in its historical development. Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, Anglo-Norman French became the language of administration, law, literature, and the aristocracy, while English persisted among the general population. Over several centuries, intense bilingual contact led to profound lexical borrowing, particularly in domains such as governance, jurisprudence, religion, warfare, education, cuisine, fashion, and abstract thought. This contact also affected English morphology and stylistics: many native terms were replaced or semantically narrowed, and Romance affixation patterns entered Middle English word-formation. The gradual re-emergence of English as the dominant public language in the late Middle Ages did not reverse French influence; rather, it resulted in a layered lexicon where Germanic and Romance items co-exist with distinct stylistic and register implications. Thus, French did not merely enrich the vocabulary of English but contributed structurally and functionally to its transformation from a predominantly Germanic idiom into a hybridized, highly stratified lexicon characteristic of Modern English.

this article critically reviews and discusses English as an International Language
(EIL) as an alternative to the traditional models of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and
English as a Second Language (ESL).

The origins of English literature go back to the Anglo-Saxon period, around 450 to 1066. During this time, Old English was the main language in England. This paper looks at how English poetry and prose began to develop, focusing on the religious, cultural, and language context of Anglo-Saxon England. It explores the shift from oral storytelling to written works, the impact of Christianity on literary themes, and the importance of texts like Caedmon’s Hymn, Beowulf, and The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.

This abstract focuses on the impact of globalization on the spread of the English language in the modern world. It explores how global interconnectivity, technological advancements, and economic integration have accelerated the proliferation of English as a global language. The abstract delves into the sociocultural, political, and economic dimensions of English as a lingua franca, examining its influence on international communication, education, and the media. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of this linguistic hegemony on language diversity, identity, and power dynamics in various regions. The abstract also examines the potential benefits and challenges associated with the dominance of English in a globalized world, shedding light on both positive and negative consequences for individuals, communities, and societies worldwide.

This article explores how readers can learn both formal and casual English through characters in stories. Language in literature often mirrors real social communication, offering examples of how people speak in different contexts. The study focuses on how fictional dialogue helps learners recognize distinctions between formal and informal English, such as vocabulary, tone, grammar, and context. This article uses a qualitative approach to examine how learners can effectively use character dialogue as a natural and motivational tool for studying the nuances of English

This article provides a comparative analysis of women’s characteristics in English and Uzbek literature across various historical periods. It examines how female characters have been portrayed, how cultural, religious, and social contexts have shaped their identities, and what similarities and differences can be observed between the two literary traditions. The study highlights the evolution from traditional, idealized female roles to more independent, psychologically complex, and socially active portrayals.

This thesis analyzes how the issue of gender equality is represented in literary works of the 21st century through the typology of female images in English and Uzbek literature. The main focus is on the contradictions between the roles of female characters, legal and cultural restrictions, patriarchal stereotypes, and tendencies toward liberalization, as well as the influence of literary genres and socio-political contexts. By employing a comparative analysis method, similarities and differences in English and Uzbek literature are identified.

This article discusses teaching English through literature. Teaching English through literature has enormous potential to enhance a student’s language skills, critical thinking, and creativity and improves understanding of culture. However, it also comes with certain challenges. Overcoming these challenges requires a teacher who is skilled in facilitating the reading, analysis and interpretation of literary texts. With the right teaching methodology, teachers considerably improve the effectiveness of using literature to teach English to their students. It is, therefore, essential for teachers to choose the right literary material, to provide necessary explanations and make the lessons more interactive for better learning.

This article discusses teaching English through literature. Teaching English through literature has enormous potential to enhance a student’s language skills, critical thinking, and creativity and improves understanding of culture. However, it also comes with certain challenges. Overcoming these challenges requires a teacher who is skilled in facilitating the reading, analysis and interpretation of literary texts. With the right teaching methodology, teachers considerably improve the effectiveness of using literature to teach English to their students. It is, therefore, essential for teachers to choose the right literary material, to provide necessary explanations and make the lessons more interactive for better learning.

The continuity of Anglo-Saxon literary traditions in Middle English literature is examined in this article, with particular attention paid to thematic, linguistic, and stylistic characteristics that remained prevalent following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Many aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture, including Christian symbolism, alliteration, moral education, and heroism, persisted in English writing despite the influence of Norman French and Latin. The study shows how Middle English writers modified early English principles to fit new social and theological circumstances by analyzing classic works like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Piers Plowman, and Beowulf. The study comes to the conclusion that Anglo-Saxon principles were not only passed down but also polished into a combination of indigenous and continental traditions in Middle English literature.

in this article, future of English is highlighted, along with this, the history, present
and future of the English language is widely covered.

It is widely acknowledged that English has become the dominant language of academic communication in recent decades, with its role as an academic lingua franca being more prominent than ever before. As evidence of this trend, it has been reported that "more than 90 per cent of the journal literature in some scientific domains is printed in English" (Hyland, 2006, 24). This widespread use of English in academic publishing has undoubtedly shaped the global landscape of scholarly exchange, creating an environment in which English has become the preferred medium for communicating research findings, ideas, and innovations across a wide array of disciplines.

This extended paper provides a comprehensive examination of the morphological developments in the English language from the 12th to the 15th centuries. This era represents a major linguistic transformation from Old English to Middle English and the early foundations of Modern English. The study highlights the simplification of inflectional morphology, the evolution of derivational morphology, and the influence of historical and social factors such as the Norman Conquest, Scandinavian contact, and Latin and French borrowings. It also discusses the shift from synthetic to analytic language structure, focusing on how these developments established the grammatical and morphological framework of Modern English.

This article examines how proverbs and idioms in Uzbek and English literatures function as reflections of national worldview, cultural values, and social norms. By comparing selected Uzbek expressions with their English counterparts, the study reveals both universal human concerns and distinct cultural orientations. The research draws on paremiological, linguistic and cultural-studies perspectives to show how language encapsulates worldview and tradition.

This article examines how World War II shaped English literature through themes of loss, trauma, disillusionment, and the search for meaning in a broken world. It shows that writers such as George Orwell, Graham Greene, and W. H. Auden used their works to explore moral conflict, political tension, and the human condition in times of war. Rather than focusing only on heroism, postwar English literature reveals deep psychological and ethical struggles, reflecting how the war transformed both society and individual consciousness.

This article examines the role of irony and humor in English and Karakalpak literature. English writers such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Wilde used these devices to entertain and critique society, while Karakalpak literature, rooted in folklore and oral tradition, applies them to teach moral lessons and reflect community values. A comparative analysis shows that although expressed differently, both traditions use irony and humor as tools of cultural expression and social reflection.

In this article, the impact of the English language on the whole world is
discussed. In this, several opinions were expressed, and in addition, the place in the world was
widely covered.

This article compares idiomatic words in Karakalpak and English literature, examining their cultural origins, functions, and translation issues. Karakalpak idioms, rooted in nomadic life and nature, differ from English idioms, which often reflect biblical, Shakespearean, and urban traditions. While both languages share universal themes such as animal and food imagery, they diverge in symbolism and historical context. The study also highlights the difficulty of translating idioms literally, emphasizing the need for cultural adaptation.

This article looks at how casual and slang greetings are used in English classes, with an emphasis on the effects these non-formal forms of communication have on student-teacher interactions and classroom dynamics. The study investigates how common slang and informal greetings are among students and how this affects their sociolinguistic competence and language ability. The study examines the possible problems that colloquialisms and informal welcomes may have for formal language training in addition to their usefulness in fostering a laid-back and welcoming learning atmosphere. This study looks into how slang and informal greetings are used in English classes in an effort to provide light on the intricate interactions that occur between language, culture, and classroom communication.